Domestic Policies Under Cromwell 1532-1540 Acts of Parliament & Cromwell's Fall

Question 1

From 1533 onwards why did Cromwell pass a series of Acts?

Answer 1

as measure to achieve the break from Rome and establish royal supremacy

Question 2

What were the 4 Acts Cromwell put in place to achieve the break from Rome and establish royal supremacy?

Answer 2

1) The Act in Restraint of Appeals
2) The Act of Supremacy
3) the Act of Succession
4) the Treason Act

Question 3

When was the Act in Restraint of Appeals drafted by Cromwell?

Answer 3

April 1533

Question 4

What evidence was the Act in Restraint of Appeals April 1533 founded by?

Answer 4

the evidence in the Collectanea Satis Copiosa

Question 5

What did the preamble to the Act in Restraint of Appeals declare ?

Answer 5

that the monarch possessed an imperial jurisdiction which was not subject to any foreign power

Question 6

Why was the Act in Restraint of Appeals a negative for Catherine?

Answer 6

the act declared that appeals could not be made to Rome regarding Church court decisions ‘in causes matrimonial’ and other areas. Therefore the Act meant that Catherine could not appeal to Rome against her marriage annulment

Question 7

When was the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 7

November 1534

Question 8

What did the Act of Supremacy November 1534 do ?

Answer 8

this gave legislative force to the royal supremacy. Effectively accomplished the break from Rome making Henry the Supreme Head of the Church of England

Question 9

When was the Act of Succession?

Answer 9

April 1534

Question 10

What 4 things did the Act of Succession April 1534 declare ?

Answer 10

• Henrys marriage to Catherine was void
• the succession should be vested in the children of his marriage to Anne
• to deny the validity of Henry’s marriage to Anne was treasonable
• an oath should be taken to affirm an individuals acceptance of the new marriage

Question 11

When was the Treason Act ?

Answer 11

November 1534

Question 12

What did the Treason Act November 1534 do ?

Answer 12

was tightened so that treason could be committed by the spoken word as well as by deed or writing and so that it was treasonable to describe the king as ‘heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel or usurper of the crown’

Question 13

Due to the Treason Act November 1534 what was it a treasonable offence to describe the king as? (5)

Answer 13

‘heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel or usurper of the crown

Question 14

Who as one of the most eminent, was the Treason Act used against?

Answer 14

Sir Thomas More, had been Lord Chancellor

Question 15

Why was the Treason Act November 1534 used against Sir Thomas More which led to his execution in July 1535?

Answer 15

for denying the royal supremacy

Question 16

What is imperial jurisdiction ?

Answer 16

official powers to make legal decisions and judgements belonged to the king and could not be challenged by the Church or any other power

Question 17

in 1540 which league did Cromwell attempt to reconcile Henry with?

Answer 17

the League of Schmalkalden

Question 18

What was the League of Schmalkalden?

Answer 18

an organisation of German princes and free cities within the Holy Roman Empire who supported the reformer Martin Luther and his rejection of the Catholic Church

Question 19

How did Cromwell attempt to reconcile Henry with the League of Schmalkalden?

Answer 19

by arranging a marriage between Henry and a German Protestant princess, Anne of Cleves

Question 20

What happened to the marriage between Henry and Anne of Cleves?

Answer 20

• they were unsuitable personally
• became unwelcome politically
• marriage was quickly annulled

Question 21

Why was the failure of the marriage between Anne of Cleves and Henry bad for Cromwell?

Answer 21

the failure destroyed what remained of Cromwell’s credibility with the king

Question 22

Who was the lead of Cromwell’s enemies?

Answer 22

the Duke of Norfolk

Question 23

What was Cromwell accused of which led to his execution on 28th July 1540?

Answer 23

treason and heresy at a Council meeting

Question 24

When was Cromwell executed which was also the date Henry and Catherine Howard married?

Answer 24

28th July 1540

Question 25

2 days after Cromwell’s execution and Henry’s marriage to Catherine, what happened proving the Protestant Reformation cause to be in tatters?

Answer 25

there was a burning of 3 Protestant theologians

Question 26

In order to display even handedness, what did Henry do on the 30th July 1540 on the day 3 Protestant theologians were burned for heresy?

Answer 26

he also executed 3 Catholic priests who had been imprisoned for 6 years in denying the royal supremacy

Question 27

What was Cromwell’s most important achievement?

Answer 27

bringing about a break with Rome and securing for Henry V111 the royal supremacy over the English Church