Domestic Policies Under Cromwell 1532-1540 Acts of Parliament & Cromwell's Fall Flashcards
From 1533 onwards why did Cromwell pass a series of Acts?
as measure to achieve the break from Rome and establish royal supremacy
What were the 4 Acts Cromwell put in place to achieve the break from Rome and establish royal supremacy?
1) The Act in Restraint of Appeals
2) The Act of Supremacy
3) the Act of Succession
4) the Treason Act
When was the Act in Restraint of Appeals drafted by Cromwell?
April 1533
What evidence was the Act in Restraint of Appeals April 1533 founded by?
the evidence in the Collectanea Satis Copiosa
What did the preamble to the Act in Restraint of Appeals declare ?
that the monarch possessed an imperial jurisdiction which was not subject to any foreign power
Why was the Act in Restraint of Appeals a negative for Catherine?
the act declared that appeals could not be made to Rome regarding Church court decisions ‘in causes matrimonial’ and other areas. Therefore the Act meant that Catherine could not appeal to Rome against her marriage annulment
When was the Act of Supremacy?
November 1534
What did the Act of Supremacy November 1534 do ?
this gave legislative force to the royal supremacy. Effectively accomplished the break from Rome making Henry the Supreme Head of the Church of England
When was the Act of Succession?
April 1534
What 4 things did the Act of Succession April 1534 declare ?
- Henrys marriage to Catherine was void
- the succession should be vested in the children of his marriage to Anne
- to deny the validity of Henry’s marriage to Anne was treasonable
- an oath should be taken to affirm an individuals acceptance of the new marriage
When was the Treason Act ?
November 1534
What did the Treason Act November 1534 do ?
was tightened so that treason could be committed by the spoken word as well as by deed or writing and so that it was treasonable to describe the king as ‘heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel or usurper of the crown’
Due to the Treason Act November 1534 what was it a treasonable offence to describe the king as? (5)
‘heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel or usurper of the crown
Who as one of the most eminent, was the Treason Act used against?
Sir Thomas More, had been Lord Chancellor
Why was the Treason Act November 1534 used against Sir Thomas More which led to his execution in July 1535?
for denying the royal supremacy
What is imperial jurisdiction ?
official powers to make legal decisions and judgements belonged to the king and could not be challenged by the Church or any other power
in 1540 which league did Cromwell attempt to reconcile Henry with?
the League of Schmalkalden
What was the League of Schmalkalden?
an organisation of German princes and free cities within the Holy Roman Empire who supported the reformer Martin Luther and his rejection of the Catholic Church
How did Cromwell attempt to reconcile Henry with the League of Schmalkalden?
by arranging a marriage between Henry and a German Protestant princess, Anne of Cleves
What happened to the marriage between Henry and Anne of Cleves?
- they were unsuitable personally
- became unwelcome politically
- marriage was quickly annulled
Why was the failure of the marriage between Anne of Cleves and Henry bad for Cromwell?
the failure destroyed what remained of Cromwell’s credibility with the king
Who was the lead of Cromwell’s enemies?
the Duke of Norfolk
What was Cromwell accused of which led to his execution on 28th July 1540?
treason and heresy at a Council meeting
When was Cromwell executed which was also the date Henry and Catherine Howard married?
28th July 1540
2 days after Cromwell’s execution and Henry’s marriage to Catherine, what happened proving the Protestant Reformation cause to be in tatters?
there was a burning of 3 Protestant theologians
In order to display even handedness, what did Henry do on the 30th July 1540 on the day 3 Protestant theologians were burned for heresy?
he also executed 3 Catholic priests who had been imprisoned for 6 years in denying the royal supremacy
What was Cromwell’s most important achievement?
bringing about a break with Rome and securing for Henry V111 the royal supremacy over the English Church
