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Radiology > Domande (vecchi file+ nuove) > Flashcards

Domande (vecchi file+ nuove) Flashcards

1
Q

what do you use in case of an haemorrhage?

A

STENT GRAFT

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2
Q

Cosa fai nel caso di una placca aterosclerotica per ripristinare il diametro del vaso? E se non basta/funzione?

A

Balloon, if it doesn’t work normal stent

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3
Q

How to treat an ANGIOMIOLYPOMA

A

EMBOLIZATION

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4
Q

What is the largest IR society

A

CIRSE

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5
Q

Regarding the treatment of HCC what is TACE?

A

Palline + chemioterapia COMBINATA (embolizzante+ chemioterapia)

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6
Q

What do you use in case of DISSECATION?

A

USE A STENT-GRAFT

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7
Q

What is TEVAR?

A

IN CASE OF ANEURISM: The TEVAR procedure involves the placement of a covered stent (a metal mesh tube with a layer of fabric) into the weakened area of the artery. This provides a route for the blood to flow without pooling in the bulge.

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8
Q

(CT) What does EXTRACONAL SPACE contain?

A

Tumor coming through etmoidal space;
Lacrimal gland

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9
Q

(CT) Which structures are contained in CONAL SPACE (CONE) ?

A

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES AND FASCIA

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10
Q

(CT) Which structures are contained in INTRACONAL SPACE?

A

OPTIC NERVE (II); Vessels (superior ophtalmic vein, ophtalmic artery), III
Example Optic Nerve MENINGIOMA, OPTIC GLIOMA

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11
Q

Regarding head tumor, when is MRI used?

A

When the disease goes intracranially (from scalpes to dura/brain)

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12
Q

When is CT most commonly used? (regarding head and neck)
Which plane and why?

A

For head, parasinusoid (especially temporal bones and …) in CORONAL plane (to see anatomial drenage and interindividuale anatomical variations)

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13
Q

Age of onset of multiple schlerosis

A

20-40 yo /20-30

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14
Q

Riguardo DWI quali patologie sono evidenziabili con questa tecnica e appaiono bianche al segnale

A

ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
ABSCESS
HIGLY DENSE TUMOR
[Water cannot move easily > brighter signal]

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15
Q

Extension “tear drops” injury tpically affects

A

CERVICAL VERTEBRA

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16
Q

Imaging modalities used most commonly for the assessment of brain tumors are:

A

MRI+CT

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17
Q

Which modalities is UNLIKELY to be used for detection of breast carcinoma?

A

CT

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18
Q

Which statement about mammography is correct:

A

By default is made in 2 projections

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19
Q

The MOST COMMON procedure in treatment of STENOSED PERIPHERICAL ARTERIES:

A

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSMURAL ANGIOGRAPHY DILATATION

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20
Q

In diagnostic of MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS, which radiologic modality plays a major role in defining the borders of the tumor mass?

A

MRI + CONTRAST (non mri da solo)

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21
Q

Which of the following medications is NOT a stress agent used in nuclear cardiology?

A

ADRENALINE

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22
Q

Malignant PRIMARY BONE NEOPLASMS ARE:

A

young population (more common?)

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23
Q

Which of the following is not appropriate to see soft tissues?
x-ray; MR; MR+contrast; US

A

X-ray

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24
Q

What is the most important regarding the radiological diagnosis of tumoral alterations

A

The size of the transiction zone (between malignant and normal part) + reazione residua, cortex destruction, sclerosis of borders, the shape of tumor’s borders, aggressive growth

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25
Q

Radiopharmaceuticals

A

Bind to the target tissues/organs and radiate gamma-rays

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26
Q

In IR what is used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (up to 3 cm)

A

RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION

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27
Q

Components of RM tomography

A

STATIC electromagnet, gradient bobbin, radiofrequency bobbin, computer

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28
Q

3 dangers during MR

A

Noise, attractive force of static magnetic field, burn due to correnti indotte

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29
Q

Nuclear RM: which element is most commonly used

A

HYDROGEN

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30
Q

RM Angiography can be performed WITH AND WITHOUT contrast agent
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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31
Q

Which of the following doesn’t contribute to the reduction of the dose received by operator during IR

A

Maggiore è la distanza del tubo radiogeno dal paziente

32
Q

What is most important in the radiological diagnosis of tumor changes
a. width of the zone of transition between healthy and affected part (+ preostal reaction, cortex
destruction, sclerosis of the edges, tumor border shape, aggressive growth in the surrounding
area)
b. referral diagnosis
c. age
d. SPOL
e. all of the above

A

A

33
Q

What is the most typical malignant tumor finding in a patient over 40?
Metastases
Osteosarcoma
Osteomiosarcoma

A

METASTATES

34
Q

What is not the first diagnostic method to prove ankylosing spondylitis?
Shoulder MRI
The RTG of sacroiliac joints is
Rtg feet
Pet CT
All of the above (first method is MRI of the sacroiliac joint)

A

all the above

35
Q

Which imaging method is not suitable for soft tissue display?
RTG
MR
MR with contrast
UZ

A

RTG (radioisotope thermoelectric generator)

36
Q

Regarding bone tumour the following statements is true:
a. all age groups have similar differential diagnosis for bone tumours
b. infections, a common tumour mimic, are seen only in older age group (>60 y.o.)
c. the most reliable indicator in determining aggressiveness of lesion is zone of transition seen on xray
d. MRI is the only examination for the assessment of the bone lesion morphology
e. Ewing sarcoma is most common malignant bone tumour in older age group
e. Ewing sarcoma is most common malignant bone tumour in older age group

A

A. all age groups have similar differential diagnosis for bone tumours

37
Q

In diagnostic evaluation of primary musculoskeletal tumors of following is true:
a. tumour lesions are easy to diagnose
b. tumour lesions may resamble infection on imaging
c. tumour lesions can be diagnosed only with magnetic resonance imaging
d. primary musculoskeletal tumours are common in population over 40
e. all statements are true

A

B. tumor lesions may resamble infection on imaging

38
Q

During hyperflexion spine first suffers from injury of:
a. posterior elements
b. anterior elements
c. lateral elements
d. injury of C1 and C2 vertebral segments
e. there is no general pattern of the injury

A

A. Posterior elements

39
Q

Subarachnoid hemmorrhage:
a. may occur with trauma
b. due to rupture of a cerebral aneurysm
c. CT is the investigation of choice
d. on CT is high-attention material in the basal cistern, sylvian fissures, cerebral sulci and ventricles
e. all of the above

A

e.

40
Q

CT of the brain is the investigation of choice and first line investigation for:
a. acute trauma and brain tumours
b. brain tumours and acute ischemic stroke
c. acute trauma and suspected acute subarachnoid haemorrhage
d. acute ischemic stroke and trauma
e. all of the above

A

e.

41
Q

Which modalities is UNLIKELY to be used for detection of breast carcinoma?
a. US
b. MRI
c. CT
d. mammography
e. fine needle aspiration

A

CT

42
Q

Which statement about mammography is correct:
a. it is not dependent on amount of glandular tissue in breast
b. mammography is basic examination in breast imaging regardless of age
c. by default it is made in two projections
d. it is the most sensitive methods to detect a breast cancer
e. the received radiation does is high

A

C.

43
Q

Select the WRONG answer about BI-RADS classification:
a. implements standardised terms in breast imaging
b. allows better communication between referring doctors and radiologist
c. describes the amount of glandular tissue in breast
d. allows free interpretation of mammograms
e. the report is numerically valued

A

d. allows free interpretation of mammograms

44
Q

Which endovascular procedures prevents pulmonary embolism?
a. recanalization of pelvic veins
b. embolization of portal vein
c. implantation of vena cava filter
d. dilatation of inferior vena cava
e. dilatation of superior vena cava

A

c. implantation of vena cava filter

45
Q

The most common procedure in treatment of stenosed peripherical arteries:
a. percutaneous transmural angiography dilatation
b. stent implication
c. implantation of drug eluting stent
d. stent of graft implantation
e. mechanical thrombus aspiration

A

a. percutaneous transmural angiography dilatation

46
Q

The most common artery used as access for peripherical endovascular procedures is :
a. common femoral artery
b. superficial femoral artery
c. popliteal artery
d. left subclavian artery
e. right subclavian artery

A

a. common femoral artery

47
Q

A biopsy of bone and soft tissue tumours should be performed:
a. before diagnostic imaging has been done
b. after a diagnostic imaging has been done
c. it can be performed at any time during the diagnostic procedure
d. it should not be performed at all
e. it depends on a case

A

b. after a diagnostic imaging has been done

48
Q

in diagnostics of malignant bone tumours, which radiologic modality plays a major role in defining
the borders of the tumour mass?
a. MRI
b. CT + contrast
c. US
d. X rays
e. MRI + contrast

A

e. MRI+ contrast

49
Q

What is the role of MRI in the rectum/pelvis in patients with rectal cancer:
a. distant metastasis
b. staging the disease
c. assessing inguinal lymph nodes
d. assessing histological type of tumor
e. functional assessment of pelvic floor

A

b. staging the disease

50
Q

What kind of cell take up MR hepatospecific contrast agent (primovist)?
a. bile ducts
b. diseased liver cells
c. healthy liver cells
d. vessels
e. fibrocyts

A

c. healthy liver cells

51
Q

What are current indications for MRI of the prostate:
a. prostate cancer detection and local staging
b. detection of distant metastasis
c. routine yearly screening for male patients over 40
d. evaluation of abnormal finding on digital rectal examination
e. prostate cancer detection in patients with low PSA (<4)

A

a. prostate cancer detection and local staging

52
Q

Which imaging modalities are able to directly depict renal parenchyma:
a. kidneys, ureters and bladder X-ray
b. ultrasound, CT, MRI
c. intravenous urography
d. digital subtraction angiography
e. PET CT

A

b. ultrasound, CT, MRI

53
Q

When we are talking about thoracic radiology, which of the fallowing statement is uncorrect?
a. chest-x-ray is a very good first imaging test to assess for pneumonia
b. radiation dose in x-ray is lower that in CT scan
c. needle biopsy of the lung can be performed under CT guidance
d. US may be used for detection and differentiation of pleural effusion
e. needle biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance is the first diagnostic choice in suspected pneumonia

A

e. needle biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance is the first diagnostic choice in suspected pneumonia

54
Q

Which of the following statements considering normal lateral chest-x-ray (6 point checklist) is correct:
a. the domes of the diaphragm are not well-defined and obscured
b. the vertebral bodies are becoming whiter from above downwards
c. there is no abrupt change in density across the cardiac shadow
d. the findings on the lateral chest-x-ray have no correlation with those on the frontal
e. you do not have to address hilar region on lateral chest-x-ray

A

c. there is no abrupt change in density across the cardiac shadow

55
Q

Quale sostanza utilizziamo per i mezzi di contrasto?

A

a) iodio 131

56
Q

Come possiamo riprodurre un’immagine su una TC?
a) su pellicola
b) mediante telecamere CDD
c) con un’ora di ritardo

A

a)

57
Q

Which method is hybrid system?

A

PET/MRI

58
Q

Thanks to US we can see polmonary parechyma
T or F

A

F
(la domande non è posta così, ma il senso è questo)

59
Q

Terminal bronchioles end in alveoli
T / F

A

F
[Terminal bronchioles in turn divide into smaller respiratory bronchioles which divide into alveolar ducts]

60
Q

Qual è l’unità di misura della dose efficace?
a) grigio
b) Bekerel
c) Sievert
d) raggi X

A

c) Sievert

61
Q

Cosa non appartiene alle parti CT:
a) portale
b) tavolo
c) generatore
d) computer
e) Sonda ad ultrasuoni

A

e)

Noemi ha messo la e indicata dal drive anche se altre risposte in teoria non appartengono alla CT

62
Q

Come valutiamo la qualità dell’immagine radiografica? Cerchia l’affermazione sbagliata.
a) le vertebre devono essere visibili attraverso l’apice cardiaco

A

a) le vertebre devono essere visibili attraverso l’apice cardiaco

63
Q

Come trattare un paziente con embolia polmonare massiva (MPE) e controindicazione alla trombolisi:
a. Trattamento anticoagulante
b. Trattamento intravascolare con aspirazione
c. Trattamento intravascolare con embolizzazione
d. Trattamento chirurgico con trombendaarterictomia
e. Nessuna delle precedenti

A

b. Trattamento intravascolare con aspirazione

64
Q

Quali metodi di imaging non vengono utilizzati nei pazienti con sospetta ischemia mesenterica acuta:
a. Radiografia addominale nativa
b. Ecografia Doppler
c. RM con mezzo di contrasto
d. Tomografia computerizzata multistrato con angiografia (CTA)
e. Angiografia a sottrazione digitale (DSA)

A

a. Radiografia addominale nativa

65
Q

Quale metodo palliativo di radiologia interventistica viene utilizzato per trattare il carcinoma epatocellulare nella fase intermedia della malattia:
a. Chemioembolizzazione
b. Embolizzazione della vena porta
c. Ablazione con radiofrequenza
d. Sclerosi percutanea con alcol
e. Elettroporazione irreversibile

A

a. Chemioembolizzazione

66
Q

Quale metodo curativo di radiologia interventistica viene utilizzato per trattare il carcinoma a cellule
chiare del rene, fino a 3 cm di dimensione:
Trattamento endovascolare con embolizzazione
Chemioembolizzazione
Ablazione con radiofrequenza
Sclerosi percutanea con alcol
Elettroporazione irreversibile

A

Ablazione con radiofrequenza

67
Q

Indica la corretta
a. Il rumore durante l’esame RM impedisce ai soggetti di addormentarsi durante l’esame
b. Non è richiesto alcun esame anestetico nei pazienti con claustrofobia
c. Quando si esegue l’imaging MRA, il soggetto dovrebbe essere a riposo
d. A causa dell’assenza di radiazioni ionizzate, non è possibile la formazione di artefatti in presenza di corpi estranei metallici
e. L’imaging RM richiede la partecipazione attiva del paziente, che segnala il movimento per
comprendere le istruzioni durante l’esame

A

Quando si esegue l’imaging MRA, il soggetto dovrebbe essere a riposo

68
Q

Quante volte viene ricevuta la dose se raddoppiamo la distanza dalla sorgente IOS:
0,5x
1x
2x
3x
4x

A

4x

69
Q

Chi è responsabile della conduzione di un’indagine in cui utilizziamo IOS?
medico di riferimento
Infermiere diplomato
capo della clinica/dipartimento
il medico che esegue l’esame
il medico che effettua l’esame e il medico di riferimento

A

il medico che effettua l’esame e il medico di riferimento

70
Q

L’angiografia digitale a sottrazione di solito non viene utilizzata per:
- Trattamento endovascolare delle arterie periferiche
- Esecuzione di procedure su fistole artero-venose
- Trattamento dell’aneurisma aortico pre-vascolare prima dell’aorta addominale
- Presentazione diagnostica della dissezione aortica toracica
- Trattamento endovascolare del sanguinamento

A
  • Presentazione diagnostica della dissezione aortica toracica
71
Q

Il vantaggio dell’angiografia a sottrazione digitale è:
- Si tratta di un esame che permette di esaminare un’ampia area vascolare in breve tempo
- È più spesso eseguito in un ambiente ospedaliero
- Per richiedere l’uso del mezzo di contrasto allo iodio
- Non ha un’alta risoluzione a causa delle strutture circostanti disturbanti
- Invasività moderata

A

Si tratta di un esame che permette di esaminare un’ampia area vascolare in breve tempo

72
Q

Lo svantaggio dell’angiografia RM è:
- Implica necessariamente l’uso di un mezzo di contrasto paramagnetico nella forma di realizzazione
- Non è in grado di visualizzare e valutare il flusso sanguigno nelle vene
- L’indagine è lunga
- Può essere eseguito solo su tomografi 3T MR
- Ha un ampio campo visivo

A
  • L’indagine è lunga
73
Q

Le seguenti proprietà della tomografia computerizzata spirale multidetettore (multilinea) (tomografia computerizzata TC) sono le più importanti per la pratica clinica, eccetto:
- Tempo di scansione breve
- Possibilità di rivedere ampie aree anatomiche
- Visualizzazione di strutture anatomiche in sezioni molto sottili
- Risoluzione ad alto contrasto
- Possibilità di spettroscopia

A
  • Possibilità di spettroscopia
74
Q

Negli studi di tomografia computerizzata (TC), le sostanze con una densità pari all’osso sono designate come:
ipodensa
iperdenso
radiotrasparente
isodensa
anecoico

A

iperdenso

75
Q

La tomografia computerizzata (TC = tomografia computerizzata) è:
Metodo diagnostico con risonanza magnetica
Metodo diagnostico ad ultrasuoni
Metodo diagnostico analogico a raggi X
Metodo di tomografia digitale a raggi X
Metodo diagnostico medico nucleare

A

Metodo di tomografia digitale a raggi X

Radiology (2 decks)

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