Domain Midterm Flashcards
What is OT?
Client-centered health profession, concerned with promoting health and well-being through occupation
What is the primary goal of OT philosophy?
Enabling the client to participate in ADLs
What are occupations?
Activities that occur in a person’s everyday life
The 1700s and 1800s were a period of…
Social Consciousness
When was moral treatment founded and by whom?
- 1700s-1800s
- Philippe Pinel and William Tuke
When was the arts and crafts movement founded and by whom?
- Early 1900s
- Ruskin and Morris
When was AOTA established?
1917
Who are the 6 original founders of AOTA?
- George Edward Barton
- William Rush Dunton
- Eleanor Clarke Slagle
- Susan Cox Johnson
- Isabel Newton
- Thomas B. Kidner
What was the philosophical basis of AOTA?
Holistic Approach
What was AOTA’s original name?
National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy
What 2 major legislative pieces contributed to the boom of OT from WWI-1930s?
- Soldier’s Rehabilitation Act
- Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Who was Lena Hitchcock?
One of the first OT reconstruction aides (Blue Birds) during WWI
When did OT get its first journal, and what was its name?
- 1922
- Archives of Occupational Therapy
What was the conflict during the 1960s-1980s?
Medical vs occupation-based paradigms
What are the 3 OT paradigms?
1) Moral Treatment
2) Mechanistic
3) Return to Occupation
What is the contemporary OT paradigm? (5)
- Evidence-Based
- Philosophically congruent
- Shift back to roots
- Health and wellness
- Recognizes occupational problems/challenges
What is a defining feature and core of OT practice in the contemporary OT paradigm?
Looking at someone through occupation
What does OTPF stand for?
Occupational Therapy Practice Framework
What is the OTPF?
Essential guiding document of our profession
What are the 5 aspects of domain?
- Occupations
- Client factors
- Performance skills
- Performance patterns
- Contexts and environments
What are the 8 categories of occupations in the OTPF?
- ADLs
- IADLs
- Rest and Sleep
- Education
- Work
- Play
- Leisure
- Social Participation
What is the difference between ADLs and IADLs?
- ADLs: basic, survival
- IADLs: complex, support daily life
What category do these occupations fall under?
- Bathing
- Toileting
- Hygiene
- Dressing
- Eating
ADL
What category do these occupations fall under?
- Care of pets/children
- Financial management
- Driving
- Meal prep
- Shopping
- Safety
- Religious Expression
IADL’s
What category do these occupations fall under?
- sleep prep
- rest
Rest and Sleep
What category do these occupations fall under?
- job hunt
- job performance
- retirement
- volunteering
Work
What category do these occupations fall under?
- formal education
- informal education
Education
What category do these occupations fall under?
- play exploration
- play participation
Play
What category do these occupations fall under?
- leisure participation
- leisure exploration
Leisure
What category do these occupations fall under?
- Community
- Family
- Friend
Social Participation
What is a performance skill?
- Observable goal-directed actions
- Small units of engagement in daily life
- Learned and developed over time
What is a performance skill?
- Observable goal-directed actions
- Small units of engagement in daily life
- Learned and developed over time
What are the factors that influence a person’s ability to engage in occupations?
- Performance Patterns
- Client Factors
- Performance Skills
- Context and Environment
What are the 3 client factors of the OTPF?
- Values/beliefs/spirituality
- Body functions
- Body structures
What category do these fall under?
- Values
- Beliefs
- Spiritualtiy
Values, beliefs, and spirituality of client factors
What category do these fall under?
- Thought
- Orientation
- Muscle endurance
- Joint stability
- Gait pattern
- Voice
Body functions of client factors
What category do these fall under?
- eyes
- ears
- skin
- bladder
Body structures of client factors
What are the 3 performance skills of the OTPF?
- Motor Skills
- Process Skills
- Social Interaction Skills
What category do these fall under?
- Aligns
- Manipulates
- Calibrates
- Walks
- Endures
- Flows
Motor skills of performance skills
What category do these fall under?
- Chooses
- Initiates
- Gathers
- Handles
- Heeds
- Adjusts
- Navigates
Process skills of performance skills
What category do these fall under?
- Thanks
- Replies
- Gesticulates
- Places self
- Questions
Social interaction skills of performance skills
What are the 2 performance patterns of the OTPF?
- Person
- Group/population
What category do these fall under?
- Habits
- Routines
- Rituals
- Roles
Person of performance patterns
What category do these fall under?
- Routines
- Rituals
- Roles
Group/population of performance patterns
What category do these fall under?
- Cultural
- Personal
- Temporal
- Virtual
Contexts of context and environment
What category do these fall under?
- Physical
- Social
Environments of contexts and environments
What does a routine look like for a group?
Ex: All school-aged children getting the flu shot before school starts
What does a ritual look like for a person?
Ex. Going to church on Sundays
What is the domain of OT?
Outlines the profession’s purview and areas in which its members have an established body of knowledge and expertise
What is the nucleus of the domain of OT?
- Client Factors
- Performance Skills
- Performance Patterns
What are the 7 core values of OT?
(FATED PJ)
- Freedom
- Altruism
- Truth
- Equality
- Dignity
- Prudence
- Justice
What is altruism?
Being concerned for the welfare of others; selfless concern
What is equality?
Treating each person impartially and free of bias
What is freedom?
Personal choice in values and desires of a client
What is justice (core value)?
State in which diverse communities are inclusive and flourish
What is dignity?
Treating a client with respect in all situations
What is truth?
Providing accurate info in all forms of communication
What is prudence?
Using clinical and ethical reasoning to make a professional decision
What are the 6 prinicples and standards of conduct?
(BAN JVF)
- Beneficience
- Autonomy
- Normaleficence
- Justice
- Veracity
- Fidelity
What is beneficience?
Helping others, kindness; preventing harm
What is normaleficence?
- Abstaining from harm; not imposing risks of harm
- Avoiding conflicts of interest
What is autonomy?
Principle of self-determination; ability to act freely and make one’s own choices
What is justice (principle)?
- Fair, equitable treatment; impartial consideration of rules; objectivity
- Advocate for change
What is veracity?
Comprehensive, accurate and objective info; truthfulness and honesty
What is fidelity?
Keeping a commitment; treating clients with respect, fairness, and integrity
What are the 2 key components to the delivery of compassionate care?
- Open communication
- Empathy
What are the OT’s roles in comparison to the OTA?
- Provision of services
- Implementing plan of care
What does AOTA stand for?
American Occupational Therapy Association
What is the AOTA?
Main professional organization in the United States for OT practitioners
What does NBCOT stand for?
National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy
What does the NBCOT do?
Administers a national exam to newly graduated OT practitioners to obtain national registration
What does ACOTE stand for?
Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education
What does ACOTE do?
Stablishes, approves, and administers educational standards for OT programs
What does AOTF stand for?
American Occupational Therapy Foundation
What does AOTF do?
charitable, scientific education organization that supports OT research
What does AOTPAC stand for?
American Occupational Therapy Political Action Committee
What does AOTPAC do?
Further federal legislation that supports the profession of OT through lobbying efforts
What does ASD stand for?
Assembly of Student Delegates
What does the ASD do?
Provide a forum for OT students to express concerns and have input in AOTA and its related affairs
What does WFOT stand for?
World Federation of Occupational Therapy
What does WFOT do?
Promote practice on a global level through research and education
What does FLOTA stand for?
Florida Occupational Therapy Association
What is the key element to OT delivery?
Client-Centeredness
If a client is having difficulty arriving on time to appointments, what part of the OTPF is the client struggling with?
Performance Patterns
What is cultural context?
Customs, beliefs, activity patterns, behavioral standards, expectations that are accepted by society that which the client is a member
What are the 3 elements of OT philosphy?
- Ontology
- Epistemology
- Axiology
What is ontology?
Beliefs about reality
What is axiology?
Beliefs about appropriate actions
For a person to be fulfilled, OT philosphy believes that ___ helps
Engaging in Occupation
Occupation always promotes…
Health and well-being
What are 5 Standards for Continuing Competence?
- Performance Skills
- Interpersonal Abilities
- Ethical Reasoning
- Critical Reasoning
- Knowledge
What is the Standards for Continuing Competence document?
Core resource to assess, maintain, and document continuing competence
To know what occupation is, occupational therapy practitioners must examine…
What humans do with their time
Occupational therapist Karen started a daily self-feeding program for Mr. Parker. The therapist visits Mr. Parker at mealtime and explains the proper use of the adapted spoon to the aide. Karen discusses how to work on independence and what assistance may still be needed upon discharge. The therapist bills Mr. Parker an excessive amount for the therapy she has provided. Which ethical principle has been violated?
Justice
Tonya, a 15-year-old teen, attending an outpatient group for eating disorders, became exceptionally attached to the OT practitioner, Mark. The teen calls Mark at home and begins to discuss her intervention plan, telling Mark she got his phone number from her cousin, whom Mark knows from school. Mark continues to speak with Tonya, and they arrange a lunch date for the next day. Which ethical principle has been violated?
Nonmaleficence
Ricardo, an OT practitioner, accepts a new job in a school system that occasionally uses sensory integration (SI) therapy. Ricardo’s only exposure to SI therapy was in school several years earlier, and he does not feel qualified to use it. Despite this, Ricardo begins to treat a child with SI issues. Which ethical principle has been violated?
Beneficence
Jill is working in a skilled nursing facility and sees a patient who clearly needs OT services. She is told by her manager that she cannot provide those services because the client has Medicaid, which won’t cover OT treatments. Instead, the manager insists that Jill evaluate clients who have Medicare coverage but don’t necessarily need treatment. Which ethical principle has been violated?
Justice
You have just finished working with a client, and you realize that you don’t have time to document what you did in your treatment session. Before you know it, a week has gone by and you failed to document his progress. Which ethical principle has been violated?
Veracity
ADL (Occupations)
Activities oriented toward taking care of one’s own body and completed on a routine basis
Examples of ADL’s (Occupations)
- Bathing
- Showering
- Toileting
- Dressing
- Eating and Swallowing
- Feeding
- Functional Mobility
- Personal Hygiene and Grooming
- Sexual Activity
Person ADL Example (Occupations)
Older adult completing bathing with assistance form an adult child
Group ADL Example (Occupations)
Students eating lunch during a lunch break
IADL (Occupations)
Activities to support daily life within the home and community.
Examples of IADL’s (Occupations)
- Care of others
- Care of pets and animals
- Child rearing
- Communication Management
- Driving and community mobility
- Financial Management
- Home Establishment and Management
- Meal Preparation and Cleanup
- Religious and spiritual expression
- Safety and emergency maintenance, shopping
Person IADL Example (Occupations)
Parent using a phone app to pay a babysitter electronically