Domain I: Principles of Dietetics Flashcards
Nutritive value of Fruits and Vegetables
- 75-93% water, carbohydrates (digestible and indigestible)
- Some minerals (calcium in oranges, greens), vitamins C, A, some B
Structure of Fruits and Vegetables
crispness (state of turgor) is due to the osmotic pressure of water-filled vacuoles
Fruits- chemical changes due to enzymes during ripening
Starch changed to sugar;
protopectin converted to pectin (ripe fruit) then converted to pectic acid (overripe fruit)
What gas accelerates ripening of fruit during storage?
Ethylene
At what temperature should frozen fruit be stored?
At or near 0F
At what temperature should dried fruit be stored?
Room temperature
Which fresh fruits are best stored at room temperature?
Avocados, bananas, pears, and tomatoes
What is the method for delaying apples aging through a controlled atmosphere?
Reduced oxygen
Climacteric fruits
Ripen post-harvest (peach, pear, banana, apple, tomato)
Non-climacteric fruits
Best when ripened before harvest (grapes, melon, citrus)
Chlorophyll
- green
- insoluble in water
What happens to chlorophyll in acid?
Turns olive green; pheophytin
What happens to chlorophyll in alkaline?
Turns bright green and mushy; chlorophyllin; hemicellulose broken down
Carotenoids
- yellow, orange
- insoluble in water
- little effect in acid or alkaline solution
Lycopenes
- type of carotenoid
- antioxidant
- phytochemical
Anthocyanins
- flavonoids
- red, blue, purple
- soluble in water
What happens to anthocyanins in acid?
turn bright red
What happens to anthocyanins in alkaline?
turn bluish
Anthoxanthins
- flavonoids
- colorless, white to yellow
- soluble in water
What happens to anthoxanthins in acid?
bleaching effect
What happens to anthoxanthins in alkalines?
turn yellow
What happens to anthoxanthins when cooked in an aluminum pan?
Turn yellow, flavones chelate aluminum
Preparation and processing of fruits and vegetables (raw)
- wash to remove dust and spray residues
- berries and mushrooms should be washed just before serving
How do you prevent the rapid darkening of fruits low in vitamin C when cut due to enzymatic action?
- dip in citrus juice,
- add sugar before freezing,
- heat to boiling