Domain I - Language Competency & Acquisition Flashcards
Phonology
the was in which speech sounds from patterns.
Phonemes
the smallest unit of sound that affects meaning.
Phonographemics
the study of letters and letter combinations.
Homonyms
words that have two or more meanings.
Homographs
words that have the same spelling but different meanings.
Homophones
two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spelling (would/wood).
Heteronyms
two or more words that have the same spelling but have different pronunciation and meaning (Polish/polish).
Morphology
words that are combined to form a new word (Un+Common= uncommon).
Morpheme
the smallest unit of a language (root, prefix, suffix)
Syntax
involves the order in which words are arranged to create meaning.
Single words
Stage of Development
I; throw; ball.
SVO Structure
Stage of Development
I throw the ball.
Wh-Fronting
Stage of Development
Where you are?
Do Fronting
Stage of Development
Do you like me?
Adverb fronting
Stage of Development
Today I go to school.
Negative + Verb
Stage of Development
She is not nice.
Y/N inversion
Stage of Development
Do you know him? Yes, I know him.
Copula (linking v) Inversion
Stage of Development
Is he at school?
Particle Shift
Stage of Development
Take your hat off.
Do 2nd
Stage of Development
Why did she leave?
Aux 2nd
Stage of Development
Where has he gone?
Neg do 2nd
Stage of Development
She does not live here.
Cancel Inversion
Stage of Development
I asked what she was doing.
Semantics
Encompasses the meaning of individual words as well as combinations of words.
Discourse
linguistic units composed of several sentences.
Pragmatics
the study of how the context impacts the interpretation of language.
Information gap tasks
the transfer of given information from one person to another.
Reasoning gap tasks
involve deriving some new information from given information through processes of inference, deduction, practical reasoning or a perception of relationships or patterns.
Opinion gap tasks
identifying and articulating a personal preference, feeling or attitude in response to a given situation.
Subject
the topic of a sentence
Predicate
makes a statement or a comment about the subject and it consists of a verb and all the words that modify it.
(falls quietly)
Compound Subject
consists of two or more nouns or pronouns.
Books and Magazines filled the room
Compound Predicate
contains more than one verb pertaining to the subject.
the boys walked and talked
Simple Sentence
independent clause
The bus was late
Compound Sentence
consists of two independent clauses joined together by a conjunction (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so = FANBOYS)
(Tom walked to the bus station, and he took the bus.)
Complex Sentence
a sentence consisting of a dependent clause.
After I write the report, I will submit it to my teacher.
Parts of Speech
Noun, Verb, Pronoun
Noun
person, place, thing, or idea.
Verb
action or state of being.
Pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them
Adjective
a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
they answer the questions: what kind? how many? which?
Adverb
a word that modifies a verb, adjective or adverb.
They answer the questions: How? When? Where? How Often? To what extent?
Prepositions
Occur in a phrase with a noun or pronoun and show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.
Describe, show location, direction or time.
Interjection
words that show surprise or strong feeling.
Help! Oh no! I forgot my wallet!
Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device
LAD: Language Acquisition Device
The ability to learn language is innate, that nature is more important than nurture.
Piaget: Cognitive Constructivism
Children’s cognitive development / reflection of thought and does not contribute to the development of thinking. Cognitive development precedes language development.
Vygotsky: Social Constructivism and Language
Relationship between the development of thought and language.
The Acquisition Learning Hypothesis
Children “acquire” a second language and adults “learn” a language.
The Monitor Hypothesis
The learned language “monitors” the acquired language. (grammar check)
The Natural Order Hypothesis
The learning of grammatical structures is predictable and follows a “natural order.”
The Input Hypothesis
A language learner will learn best when the instruction or conversation is just above the learners ability.
(need to use context clues to understand unkown words)
The Affective Filter Hypothesis
People will learn a second language when they are relaxed, have high levels of motivation, and have a decent level of self confidence.
Silent Period
The learner feels uncomfortable producing speech.
May know 500 receptive words
Private Speech
The learner speaks one or two word phrases.
May know 1000 receptive words
Lexical Chunks
The learner can communicate using short phrases and sentences.
(May know 3000 receptive words)
Formulaic Speech
The learner makes complex statements, opinions, as for clarification, share thoughts, and speak at greater length.
(May know 6000 receptive words)
Intermediate Language Proficiency Stage
Experimental or Simplified Speech
The learner develops a level of fluency and can make semantic and grammar generalizations.
Advanced Language Proficiency Stage
Idiom
A saying that means something different from what is said.
Ex:
She is pulling my leg.
