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ESL > Domain I - Language Competency & Acquisition > Flashcards

Domain I - Language Competency & Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Phonology

A

the was in which speech sounds from patterns.

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2
Q

Phonemes

A

the smallest unit of sound that affects meaning.

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3
Q

Phonographemics

A

the study of letters and letter combinations.

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4
Q

Homonyms

A

words that have two or more meanings.

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5
Q

Homographs

A

words that have the same spelling but different meanings.

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6
Q

Homophones

A

two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spelling (would/wood).

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7
Q

Heteronyms

A

two or more words that have the same spelling but have different pronunciation and meaning (Polish/polish).

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8
Q

Morphology

A

words that are combined to form a new word (Un+Common= uncommon).

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9
Q

Morpheme

A

the smallest unit of a language (root, prefix, suffix)

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10
Q

Syntax

A

involves the order in which words are arranged to create meaning.

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11
Q

Single words

Stage of Development

A

I; throw; ball.

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12
Q

SVO Structure

Stage of Development

A

I throw the ball.

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13
Q

Wh-Fronting

Stage of Development

A

Where you are?

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14
Q

Do Fronting

Stage of Development

A

Do you like me?

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15
Q

Adverb fronting

Stage of Development

A

Today I go to school.

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16
Q

Negative + Verb

Stage of Development

A

She is not nice.

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17
Q

Y/N inversion

Stage of Development

A

Do you know him? Yes, I know him.

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18
Q

Copula (linking v) Inversion

Stage of Development

A

Is he at school?

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19
Q

Particle Shift

Stage of Development

A

Take your hat off.

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20
Q

Do 2nd

Stage of Development

A

Why did she leave?

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21
Q

Aux 2nd

Stage of Development

A

Where has he gone?

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22
Q

Neg do 2nd

Stage of Development

A

She does not live here.

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23
Q

Cancel Inversion

Stage of Development

A

I asked what she was doing.

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24
Q

Semantics

A

Encompasses the meaning of individual words as well as combinations of words.

25
Q

Discourse

A

linguistic units composed of several sentences.

26
Q

Pragmatics

A

the study of how the context impacts the interpretation of language.

27
Q

Information gap tasks

A

the transfer of given information from one person to another.

28
Q

Reasoning gap tasks

A

involve deriving some new information from given information through processes of inference, deduction, practical reasoning or a perception of relationships or patterns.

29
Q

Opinion gap tasks

A

identifying and articulating a personal preference, feeling or attitude in response to a given situation.

30
Q

Subject

A

the topic of a sentence

31
Q

Predicate

A

makes a statement or a comment about the subject and it consists of a verb and all the words that modify it.

(falls quietly)

32
Q

Compound Subject

A

consists of two or more nouns or pronouns.

Books and Magazines filled the room

33
Q

Compound Predicate

A

contains more than one verb pertaining to the subject.

the boys walked and talked

34
Q

Simple Sentence

A

independent clause

The bus was late

35
Q

Compound Sentence

A

consists of two independent clauses joined together by a conjunction (and, or, nor, but, for, yet, so = FANBOYS)

(Tom walked to the bus station, and he took the bus.)

36
Q

Complex Sentence

A

a sentence consisting of a dependent clause.

After I write the report, I will submit it to my teacher.

37
Q

Parts of Speech

A

Noun, Verb, Pronoun

38
Q

Noun

A

person, place, thing, or idea.

39
Q

Verb

A

action or state of being.

40
Q

Pronoun

A

a word that takes the place of a noun.

I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them

41
Q

Adjective

A

a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.

they answer the questions: what kind? how many? which?

42
Q

Adverb

A

a word that modifies a verb, adjective or adverb.

They answer the questions: How? When? Where? How Often? To what extent?

43
Q

Prepositions

A

Occur in a phrase with a noun or pronoun and show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.

Describe, show location, direction or time.

44
Q

Interjection

A

words that show surprise or strong feeling.

Help! Oh no! I forgot my wallet!

45
Q

Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device

A

LAD: Language Acquisition Device

The ability to learn language is innate, that nature is more important than nurture.

46
Q

Piaget: Cognitive Constructivism

A

Children’s cognitive development / reflection of thought and does not contribute to the development of thinking. Cognitive development precedes language development.

47
Q

Vygotsky: Social Constructivism and Language

A

Relationship between the development of thought and language.

48
Q

The Acquisition Learning Hypothesis

A

Children “acquire” a second language and adults “learn” a language.

49
Q

The Monitor Hypothesis

A

The learned language “monitors” the acquired language. (grammar check)

50
Q

The Natural Order Hypothesis

A

The learning of grammatical structures is predictable and follows a “natural order.”

51
Q

The Input Hypothesis

A

A language learner will learn best when the instruction or conversation is just above the learners ability.

(need to use context clues to understand unkown words)

52
Q

The Affective Filter Hypothesis

A

People will learn a second language when they are relaxed, have high levels of motivation, and have a decent level of self confidence.

53
Q

Silent Period

A

The learner feels uncomfortable producing speech.

May know 500 receptive words

54
Q

Private Speech

A

The learner speaks one or two word phrases.

May know 1000 receptive words

55
Q

Lexical Chunks

A

The learner can communicate using short phrases and sentences.

(May know 3000 receptive words)

56
Q

Formulaic Speech

A

The learner makes complex statements, opinions, as for clarification, share thoughts, and speak at greater length.

(May know 6000 receptive words)

Intermediate Language Proficiency Stage

57
Q

Experimental or Simplified Speech

A

The learner develops a level of fluency and can make semantic and grammar generalizations.

Advanced Language Proficiency Stage

58
Q

Idiom

A

A saying that means something different from what is said.

Ex:

She is pulling my leg.

ESL (3 decks)

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