Domain Eukarya: Protists

Question 1

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 1

1. Compartmentalization and Cytoskeleton
2. Specialization
3. Endosymbiosis

Question 2

Endosymbiosis: Mitochondria

Answer 2

Aerobic Bacteria englufed

Question 3

Endosymbiosis Chloroplasts

Answer 3

Photosynthetic Bacteria Englufed

Rise to Cyanobacteria

Question 4

Proof of Endosymbiosis

Answer 4

Mit. and Chlor. …
DNA and Ribosomes similar to that of bacteria
Use binary fission
Have own membrane

Question 5

Protists Locomotion

Answer 5

1. Flagella
2. Cillia
3. Psuedopodia

Question 6

Protists Nutrition

Answer 6

1 Autotrophs (Photo/Chemo)

2. Heterotrophs (Phago)
3. Mixotrophs

Question 7

Protists Reproduction

Answer 7

Asexual (Primary)

• Mitosis: Equal Daughter Cells
• Budding: One larger than other
• Schizogeny: Cell/ Nuclear Division (Many cells)

Question 8

Protists are bridge to

Answer 8

Multicellularity

Arisen multiple times

Question 9

Protists are..

Answer 9

Paraphyletic
present in all supergroups
No single common ancestor

Question 10

Supergroup Excavata

Answer 10

Excavated Feeding groove

1. Diplomonads
2. Parabosolids
3. Euglenozoa
   - Euglenids
   - Kinetoplastids

Question 11

Group Diplomonads

Answer 11

Excavata

• Unicellular
• Flagella
• 2 Nuclei
• Degenerate Mitochondria
  ex. Giardia

Question 12

Group Parabasolids

Answer 12

Excavata

• Undulating Membrane
• Flagella
• Semi Functioning Mitochondria
  ex. Termite Guts
  ex. STD

Question 13

Group Euglenozoa

Answer 13

Excavata

• Functioning Mitochondria
• Flagella
• Change Shape
• Mixotrophic
• Crystalline Rod in Flagella

Subgroup Euglenid
Subgroup Kinetoplastid

Question 14

Subgroup Euglenids

Answer 14

Excavata
Euglenozoa

2 Flagella
Contractile Vacuoules
Photo Receptor
Chloriplasts
ex. Euglena

Question 15

Photo

Answer 15

Euglena

Subgroup Euglenozoa
Group Euglenid
Supergroup Excavata

Question 16

Subgroup Kinetoplastids

Answer 16

• Extracellular DNA
• Unique mitochondria
• Repeteat change protective coat
  ex. African Sleeping Sickness
  ex. Chigas

Question 17

Photo

Answer 17

Trypanosoma in RBC

Kinetoplastid
Euglenid
Excavata

Question 18

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Answer 18

Incorporated Red Algae through Secondary Endosymbiosis

Group Alveolata (Alveoli)
Subgroup Dinoflagellata
Subgroup Apicomplexin
Subgroup Cilliophora (Cilliates)

Group Stramenopila (Hairs on Pila) (Chlorophyll A,c)
Subgroup Brown Algea
Subgroup Diatoms
Subgroup Oomycetes

Question 19

Group Alveolata

Answer 19

Alveoli Sacs

Chromalveolata
Subgroups Dinoflagellata, Apicomplexin, Cillates

Question 20

Dinoflagellata

Answer 20

Photosynthetic Unicellular
Flagella
Chlorophyll a, c, cartenoids
Cellulose Plates
Raphe
Phytoplankton
- Red tides/ Algal Blooms

Group Alveolata
Chromalveolata

Question 21

Photo

Answer 21

Dinoflagellata

Question 22

Subgroup Apicomplexin

Answer 22

Spore forming animal parasites
Organells at apical complex

ex. cat feces invades placenta
ex. plasmodium malaria

Group Alveolata
Chromalveolata

Question 23

Subgroup Cilliophora (Cillates)

Answer 23

Cillia around cell
pellicke covering
Micro/Macro nuclei
Conjugation
ex. Paramecium 

ex. Stentor

Question 24

Photo

Answer 24

Paramecium

Cilliates
Alveolata
Chromalveolata

Question 25

Photo

Answer 25

Stentor Cillates Alveolata Chronalveolata

Question 26

Group Stramenopila

Answer 26

Fine hairs on flagella chlorophyll a,c Supergroup Chromalveolata Subgroup Brown Algae, Diatoms, Oomycetes

Question 27

Subgroup Brown Algae

Answer 27

Seaweed in North Alternation of Generations Sporophyte dominant Ex. Fucus, Laminaria, Sargesium Group Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 28

Photo

Answer 28

Fucus Brown Algae Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 29

Photo

Answer 29

Laminaria Brown Algae Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 30

Photo

Answer 30

Sargesium Brown Algae Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 31

Subgroup Diatoms

Answer 31

``` Photosynthetic Unicellular Double Silica Shells Raphes Phytoplankton ``` Ex. Navicula Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 32

Photo

Answer 32

Navicula Diatoms Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 33

Subgroup Oomycetes

Answer 33

``` Water Molds Parasites or Saprobes Motile Zoospores Sexual Land or sea ``` ex. Irish potato Famine Stramenopila Chromalveolata

Question 34

Supergroup Ameobazoa

Answer 34

Move by pseudopods flowing cytoplasm actin microfilaments Group Gymnameoba ex. ameoba

Question 35

Group Gymnameoba

Answer 35

Free living (soil/freshwater) some parasitic sporangia in food or moisture scarcity Dictoliem Discodiem (Slime Mold) Ex. Acanthomeaba (blood/ brain) Ex. Plasmodea (slime mold) ingest other organisms Ex. Ameoba Proteus Supergroup Ameobazoa

Question 36

Photo

Answer 36

Ameoba Proteus (Freshwater Protozoan) Gymnameoba Ameobazoan

Question 37

Superhroup Archaeplastida

Answer 37

Red Algae Green Algae Land Plants Photosynthetic/ Aquired Endosymbioisis For chloroplasts

Question 38

Group Rhodophyta (Red Algae)

Answer 38

Microscopic to 2m Lack flagella/ centrioles Alt. of Generations Used in Food Nori, Thickening agents, cosmetics Supergroup Archaeplastida

Question 39

Photo

Answer 39

Red Algae/Rhodophyta

Question 40

Group Green Algae

Answer 40

Ancestors of Land Plants 2 Lineages P. Charophyta P. Chlorophyta Supergroup Archaeplastida

Question 41

Phylum Charophyta

Answer 41

Rise to Land Plants Ex. Chara, Cholechaete Group Green Algae Archaeplastida

Question 42

Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 42

Diverged from Land Plants Haplodiplontic Life Cycle - Filamentous - Colonial - Multicellular group green algae archaeplastida

Question 43

Photo

Answer 43

Filamentous P. Chlorophyta Green Algae Archaeplastida ex. Spyrogyra - Spiral Chloroplasts, Conjugation Tubes

Question 44

Photo

Answer 44

Colonial P. Chlorophyta Green Algae Archaeplastida Ex. Volvox- Daughter cells. Asexual

Question 45

Photo

Answer 45

Multicellular P. Chlorophyta Green Algae ex. Ulva Alt. Gen

Question 46

Photo

Answer 46

Multicellular P. Chlorophyta Green Algae ex. Codiun Alt. Gen

Question 47

Supergroup Rhizaria

Answer 47

Use Psuedopodia Group: Radiolarians Foraminifera Cerozoa

Question 48

Group Radiolarians

Answer 48

Glassy Exoskeleton made of silica needlelike pseudopdia ex. actinisphaerium Rhizaria

Question 49

Group Foraminifera

Answer 49

Heterotrophic Marine Pore studded shells pseudopodia emerge calcium bicarbonate limestone alt. gen Rhizaria

Question 50

Grouo Cercozoa

Answer 50

Soil Some Silica Shells/Plates Flagella or Pseudopods Rhizaria

Question 51

Supergroup Opisthokonta

Answer 51

Share common ancestor with plant and animal sponge related Group Chaonoflagellates

Question 52

Group ChaonoFlagellates

Answer 52

Unicellular Fungi/Animal Common Ancestor Single Flagellum Colonial form like sponges Opisthokonta