Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria (Prokaryotes)

Question 1

Archaea Plasma Membrane
vs.
Bacteria Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Archaea: Esther linkages, rings ot branches

Bacteria: Ester bonds, unbranched

Question 2

Archaea Cell Wall
vs.
Bacteria Cell Wall

Answer 2

Archaea: Lack Peptidoglycan
Bacteria: Contain Peptidoglycan

Question 3

Archaea Replication Site
vs.
Bacteria Replication Site

Answer 3

Archaea: Single site, Similar to Eukaryotes

Bacteria: Single site

Question 4

Archaea Gene Expression
vs.
Bacteria gene expression

Answer 4

Archaea more similar to eukaryotes

Question 5

4 Categories Distinguising Archaea and Bacteria

Answer 5

1. Plasma Membrane
2. Cell Wall
3. Replication
4. Gene Expresson

Question 6

Pili

Answer 6

Short hairlike structures on gram negative bacteria

Question 7

Capsule

Answer 7

Gelatinous layer of protection around some bacteria

Question 8

Endospores

Answer 8

Thick wall around the genome, resistant to environmental stress and wait to act until necessary.

Question 9

Autotrophs

Answer 9

Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs

Get energy from inorganic Co2

Question 10

Heterotrophs

Answer 10

Photoheterotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs

Energy from organic molecules

Question 11

Environmental Benefits to Prokaryotes

Answer 11

Some are nitrogen fixing bacteria which helps plant growth, decomposers, cyanobacteria oxygen generation.

Question 12

Gram + Bacteria

Answer 12

Peptidoglycan
Gram Stain = Positively Purple
ex. Coccus
Penicillan and Tetracycline

Question 13

Gram - Bacteria

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan and Lipopolysaccharides
Pink Gram Stain
ex. Bacillus and Spirrilum and E. Coli
Ampicillin, Tetracycline

Question 14

Photo

Answer 14

Cocci (Coccus) Bacteria
Spheres 
Gram +
Purple
Affected by Penicillin and Tetracycline

Question 15

Photo

Answer 15

Bacillus
Rods
Gram Negative
Pink/ Red
Affected by Ampicillan and Tetracycline

Question 16

Photo

Answer 16

Sprillum
Spirals
Gram -
Red / Pink
Affected by Ampicillan and Tetracycline

Question 17

Clade Eubacteria

Answer 17

Coccus
Baccillus
Spirilum

Question 18

Clade CyanoBacteria

Answer 18

Surrounded by gelatinous sheath
Reproduce via fragmentation (breaking off)
Stromalites (fossilized cyanobacteria)

Include Anabaena ans Oscillatoria

Question 19

Stromalites

Answer 19

Fossilized Cyanobacteria

Question 20

Photo

Answer 20

Anabaena

Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria

Question 21

Photo

Answer 21

Oscillatoria
Oscillating through water (movement)
Hormongia: Fragments that break off for asexual reproduction.

Question 22

Prokaryotic Cell Division

Answer 22

Binary Fission

Question 23

Natural Transformation

Answer 23

Dead DNA picked up by living cell and put into genome

Question 24

Artificial Transformation

Answer 24

In the lab

ex) bioluminescent fish.

Question 25

Genetic Recombination/ Conjugation

Answer 25

through Horizontal Gene transfer:
DNA from one bacterium is transferred into another via pilus or conjugation tube.

Plasmids (small circular pieces of DNA) may be transferred.

Ex. Fertility Factor in E. Coli

F+ to F- = 2 F+

Question 26

Transduction

Answer 26

Virus invaded bacteria
replicate dna
package both dnas
transfer to another bacteria

Question 27

Phage Infection

Answer 27

Phage dna injected
Phage dna replicated, host degenerated
phage particles with dna packages and break out of cell

Question 28

Transducing Phage Infection

Answer 28

Transducing Phage Injects DNA

DNA incorporated by homologous recombination.