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CompTIA A+ 1101 > Domain 3.0 - Hardware > Flashcards

Domain 3.0 - Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

UTP

A

Unshielded Twisted Pairing; most commonly used and has no shielding against interference.

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2
Q

STP

A

Shielded Twisted Pairing; offers shielding against interference.

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3
Q

What is the only cable standard with a max length of 55 meters?

A

Unshielded 10GBase-T. Shielded however has 100 meters

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4
Q

Define plenum.

A

Shared area that uses building circulation and is typically where HVAC systems go. Smoke and toxin concerns exist

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5
Q

What are the three abbreviations for twisted pair cabling?

A

U - Unshielded
S - Braided shielding
F - Foil shielding

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6
Q

What is Direct Burial STP?

A

Cable designed to be put directly in the ground. Provides protection from the elements and is often filled with gel to repel water. Sometimes is protected by conduit. STP provides grounding, additional strength, and protects against signal interference.

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7
Q

Multimode fiber

A

Short-range communications of up to 2 km.
Relatively inexpensive light source such as LED.

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8
Q

Single-mode fiber

A

For long range communications of up to 100 km.
Expensive light source such as lasers.

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9
Q

T568A and T568B

A

Pin assignments for 8P8C connectors. Many organizations use T568B as you can’t switch over mid cable. T568A pin-out is usually used for horizontal cabling.

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10
Q

USB 1.1

A

Low speed: 1.5 Mbit/s; 3 meters
Full speed: 12 Mbit/s; 5 meters

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11
Q

USB 2.0

A

480 Mbit/s
5 meters

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12
Q

USB 3.0

A

SuperSpeed; 5 Gbit/s; usually 3 meters
Standard does not specify cable length

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13
Q

USB 3.1

A

Released July 2013; 10 Gbit/s

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14
Q

USB 3.2

A

Released Sept. 2017
SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps (single lane) Gen 1
SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps ( Single lane) Gen 2
USB 3.2 Gen 1x2

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15
Q

Thunderbolt

A

Based on miniDisplayPort; data and power on the same cable.

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16
Q

Thunderbolt v1

A

Two channels, mDP connector, 10 Gbps per channel, 20 total

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17
Q

Thunderbolt v2

A

Aggregated channels

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18
Q

Thunderbolt v3

A

40 Gbit/s aggregated channels

19
Q

Serial Cables

A

Built for modem communication, common RS-232 data communication, industry standard since 1969.

20
Q

VGA

A

15 pin connector, no audio, analog, image degrades after 5-10 meters

21
Q

HDMI

A

Both audio and video; all digital; 20 meter distance before losing image; 19 pin Type A connector that is proprietary

22
Q

DisplayPort

A

Digital information sent in packetized form comparable to Ethernet; Both audio and video; Passively compatible with HDMI and DVI.
DisplayPort -> HDMI
DisplayPort -> DVI

23
Q

DVI

A

Single and dual link video; Single link has 3.7 Gbps at 60 fps (HDTV); Dual link has 7.4 Gbps; no audio support; A means analog, D means Digital, I means both are integrated.

24
Q

SATA

A

SATA means Serial AT Attachment
Revision 1.0 - 1.5 Gbit/s, 1 meter
Revision 2.0 - 3.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter
Revision 3.0 - 6.0 Gbit/s, 1 meter
Revision 3.2 - 16 Gbit/s, 1 meter

eSATA cable max lengths are 2 meters and are physically different from SATA connectors.

25
Q

SCSI

A

Designed to string many peripherals onto a single cable and controller. Many iterations support up to 15 devices. 8 devices on a narrow bus, 16 on a wide bus. SCSI devices are identified by a SCSI ID while logical units are called LUNs. The signal at the end of a SCSI bus is terminated. Serial attached SCSI (SAS) devices have no jumpers.

26
Q

PATA

A

Legacy tech. Upgraded speeds from 13 Mbit/s to 133 MB/s and was used for devices such as CD-ROMS, etc. Only two devices can be supported on a PATA cable and they have 40-pin connectors.

27
Q

Copper Connectors

A

RJ11 - 6P2C, 6 pins for 2 conductors. Used in telephone and DSL connections and some cables require additional conductors.
RJ45 - 8 position, 8 conductor 8P8C and is used in Ethernet technologies.
F-Connector - Used in DOCSIS (Data over Cable Serial Interface Specification)
Molex - 4 pin peripheral power connector, provides +12 V and +5 V. Powers the internals of a PC.
Lightning - Apple proprietary that has a high power output and can be inserted anyway.
DB-9 - Commonly used for RS-232.

28
Q

Fiber connectors

A

LC - Local connector
ST - Straight tip connector
SC - Subscriber Connector

29
Q

SDRAM

A

Synchronous Dynamic RAM that is synchronized with system clock. Queues up one process while waiting for another.

30
Q

DDR Speed and Max

A

DDR3 - 16 GB max per DIMM.
DDR4 - Increased total max to 64 GB.
DDR5 - Increased data rates but retained max storage of 64 GB.

31
Q

Virtual memory

A

Also known as VRAM, swap file, etc.
Swap currently unused application data to storage and frees up space for other program. Managed by the OS automatically.

32
Q

Multi-channel memory

A

Dual, triple, or quad-channel
Memory combinations should match.
Memory module slots are often colored differently.

33
Q

What’s Parity memory?

A

Adds an additional parity bit to check for errors but can’t correct them, only detect and sometimes it fails.

34
Q

HDD

A

Random access, non volatile, and is limited by mechanical components that are also subject to break.

35
Q

SDD

A

No moving parts, non-volatile memory, and very fast performance. 2.5” and 1.5” form factors

36
Q

mSATA

A

Replaced by m.2. Same data, smaller and different form factor. Used AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface).

37
Q

NVMe

A

Non Volatile Memory Express; designed for SSD speeds, lower latency and higher throughput, and can take advantage of the m.2 interface.

38
Q

M.2

A

No SATA or power cables; can use a PCIe bus ( 4GB/s or faster with NVMe PCIe x4). M.2 supports a b-key, m key, or both; M.2 doesn’t guarantee NVMe as it may be using AHCI. Motherboard may only support b or m key.

39
Q

Flash drives

A

Flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable programmable read-only memory), non-volatile, no power required to retain data, limited number of writes but can still read, not designed for archival storage.

40
Q

Optical drives

A

Small bumps read with a laser beam. Relatively slow but can be used for archival storage; many different formats; can be internal or external.

41
Q

RAID

A

RAID 0 - Striping - Data is split evenly between two or more drives. No redundancy.
RAID 1 - Mirroring - File blocks are duplicated between two or more drives; high redundancy; high storage amount required
RAID 5 - Striping w/parity - File blocks are striped; requires at least 3 disks; high redundancy as data can be reconstructed after failure; parity calculation may affect performance.
RAID 10 - Stripe of mirrors - Need at least 4 drives; speed of striping with the redundancy of mirroring.

42
Q

ATX

A

Standardized by Intel in 1995; 20 pin connector or 24 w/ additional 4/8 connector.

43
Q

ITX

A

Developed by VIA Technologies in 2001; Mini-ITX is screw compatible with ATX; fits almost any enclosure; single purpose computing

CompTIA A+ 1101 (3 decks)

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