Domain 2: Communication Flashcards
Beyond product safety for consumers, product stewardship has impacts on _______ and _______.
Domain 2:201
Occupational health and environmental conservation
Prof practices p. 17-21
What is typically the first stage in the product life cycle at which the product stewardship function has responsibilities?
Domain 2:202
Product design and development
Prof practices p. 45
Which product life cycle stage typically includes verifying that you are doing business with companies with good health, safety, and environmental (HSE) practices, ensuring your vendors are doing business in an environmentally sound manner and obtaining appropriate information regarding the products and manufacturing supplies you buy?
Domain 2:203
Purchasing
Prof practices p. 45
During which part of the product life cycle must product stewards consider any actions needed for safe handling of the products?
Domain 2:204
Distribution
Prof practices p. 45
What assessment can provide insight into upstream and downstream impacts of products that can be used to inform product design and product life cycle management?
Domain 2:205
Life cycle assessments (LCAs)
Prof practices p. 46
What framework can help product stewards define the stakeholders who need to be engaged in a product stewardship program?
Domain 2:206
A value chain model.
Prof practices p. 46
The ________ encompasses the network created between different companies to produce chemicals, materials, and parts for product manufacturing and distribute the products for sale.
Domain 2:207
Supply Chain
Prof practices p. 47
What kind of companies use natural resources to produce fundamental materials that may be used alone or further manipulated to create an ingredient or component in a finished product?
Domain 2:208
Base raw material suppliers.
Prof practices p. 48
What kind of company operates under license with either ingredient/component suppliers or finished product manufacturers to make items on their behalf?
Domain 2:209
Toll/contract manufacturers
Prof practices p. 48
In a value chain, product __________ can flow both upstream and downstream.
Domain 2:210
Communication
Prof practices p. 46-47
What brings together in one place all the information that the company holds on a product or a “family” of products and forms a useful checklist, ensuring that all aspects of the life cycle have been adequately considered?
Domain 2:211
Product dossier
What is the name of the document used when a business provides its suppliers with a list of substances of concern to confirm their presence or absence along with specific concentration levels?
Domain 2:212
Partial formulation declaration
Which approach to managing sourcing requirements relies on inserting a general statement into supplier contracts and master service agreements that requires suppliers to provide material formulation information (when queried) that is relevant to product stewardship?
Domain 2:213
Contractual blanket agreement
Who can significantly influence product stewardship activities, both positively and negatively?
Domain 2:214
External stakeholders
Prof practices p. 389
What are two fundamental elements of advocacy?
Domain 2:215
- Understanding and managing the issue
- Developing an engagement plan
Prof practices p. 393
Define “communication” in the context of product stewardship.
Domain 2:216
“Communication” describes the exchange of ideas among various stakeholders, including regulators, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and industry trade associations and working groups.
Define “advocacy.”
Domain 2:217
Advocacy is a linear, sequential process that follows a series of defined steps to achieve identified goals.
Full business value p. 71
What is the purpose of problem tree analysis (also called “situational analysis” or simply “problem analysis”)?
Domain 2:218
Problem tree analysis finds solutions by mapping out the anatomy of cause and effect of the issue in a way similar to a mind map but with more structure.
Prof practices p. 396
What approach can be used to identify key players and prioritize them based on their degree of influence?
Domain 2:219
Influence mapping
Prof practices p. 396
Corporate reputation is closely tied to ______________ of which a robust product stewardship program is a critical component.
Domain 2:220
Corporate sustainability initiatives.
Full business value p. 88
What is a well-known example of external metrics that focus on product stewardship and product responsibility?
Domain 2:221
Global Reporting Initiative
Full business value p. 89
What is a technique for eliciting and refining the opinions of a group (usually a panel of experts) used for the purpose of identifying emerging issues?
Domain 2:222
Delphi technique
Prof practices p. 301
Issue management involves ___________, ________, and ____________.
Domain 2: 223
Foresight, policy development, advocacy
Prof practices p. 302
What are large social, economic, political, environmental, or technological changes that are slow to form but have a great and lasting impact?
Domain 2:224
Megatrends
Prof practices p. 404
What are some examples of emerging issues that are particularly important to product stewards?
Domain 2:225
Chemicals of concern
PFAS
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Nanotechnology
Prof practices p. 303-306
What three activities make up the first steps of an issue response strategy?
Domain 2:226
- Gathering facts
- Assembling a response team
- Consulting legal counsel
Full business value p. 49-53
How important is the full support of business leadership in establishing product stewardship principles?
Domain 2:227
Very important. Full support for product stewardship principles by all levels and functions of business leadership will result in a highly functioning organization.
Prof practices p. 360-362, 370
What does the publication of product stewardship/safety policies or principles tell stakeholders?
Domain 2:228
The publication of product stewardship/safety policies or principles demonstrates leadership’s commitment to internal and external stakeholders and recognition of the importance of product stewardship to the business.
Prof practices p. 359
___________ and ___________ are good venues for networking, pooling intelligence, and advancing the profession of product stewards.
Domain 2:229
Trade associations, professional societies
Where should information critical to product design and documentation come from?
Domain 2:230
Raw material suppliers
What are four approaches businesses take in obtaining material disclosure information?
Domain 2:231
- Full material disclosure required prior to purchase (100% composition)
- Supplier negative certifications against specific regulations/lists of chemicals
- Supplier declarations required for presence of substances in specific regulations/lists
- Testing materials as supplied
What are the typical elements of a product dossier?
Domain 2:232
Product specification
Hazard assessment, classification, and labeling
Safety data sheets
Uses/applications
End-of-life disposition
Packaging
Product information flows from the manufacturer to the __________.
Domain 2:233
End user
Prof practices p. 46-47
What are the major data inputs that are critical for a product steward to obtain to ensure regulatory compliance?
Domain 2:234
Base raw material composition
Formulation composition
Sub-components/components materials
Product design
Applications/end use/misuses
Product names/alternate names
Marketing claims
End-of-life disposal/recycling, etc.
What is the purpose of a product dossier?
Domain 2:235
The purpose of a product dossier is to bring together all the information that a company holds on a product or “family” of products.
What are the eight key stakeholder roles within the value chain?
Domain 2:236
- Base raw material suppliers
- Ingredient/component suppliers
- Finished product manufacturers
- Toll/contract manufacturers
- Distribution/logistics companies
- Final sellers
- End users/consumers
- End-of-life management providers
Prof practices p. 48
What main forms of information are passed down to downstream customers and users?
Domain 2:237
Standard safety data sheets
Documents similar to safety data sheets for nonhazardous products
Separate technical and/or regulatory data sheets
Recommended uses or use restriction information
Prof practices p. 147-148
Product stewards have the responsibility to ensure that the product stewardship/environmental health and safety (EHS) aspects of the product literature are ___________ and __________.
Domain 2:238
Compliant and correct
Prof practices p. 152
Beyond roles within the value chain, which other stakeholders can influence product stewardship activities?
Domain 2:239
Regulators
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
Industry trade associations and working groups
Prof practices p. 389
What are the five fundamentals of effective communication?
Domain 2:240
- Compliance
- Correctness
- Coverage
- Consistency
- Current
Prof practices p. 147
What are the elements of advocacy?
Domain 2:241
Understanding and managing the issue and developing an engagement plan based on the influence environment for achieving results.
Full business value p. 72
What are some key steps in the process of advocacy?
Domain 2:242
- Define and fully understand the issue
- Define objectives and priorities
- Plan and execute a holistic campaign
- Identify the players and stakeholders
- Effectively engage allies
- Develop advocacy goals, strategies, and tactics
Prof practices p. 393-396
What are some major tools that influence policy?
Domain 2:243
Force field analysis
Problem tree analysis
Stakeholder analysis
Influence mapping
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis
Triangle analysis
Spider web analysis
Prof practices p. 396-397
___________ can be used to identify the key players in shaping stakeholder risk tolerance and prioritize them based on their degree of influence.
Domain 2:244
Influence maps
Full business value p. 74
Risk is communicated through a number of venues, including:
Domain 2:245
- Safety data sheets
- Classification and labeling
- Product literature/technical data sheets/instructions for use
- Environmental health and safety (EHS) data information sheets and summaries
Prof practices p. 146
Product stewardship contributes to corporate reputation through effective communication along the product life cycle to assess the needs of all stakeholders. This communication includes:
Domain 2:246
- Working with customers to develop appropriate risk management measures and address their emerging needs for the products/services provided
- Developing safety data sheets (SDSs), training, and facilitating product stewardship reviews
- Preparing technical publications about the environmental health and safety (EHS)/product stewardship aspect of the products
Prof practices p. 147
In addition to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the ______________ develops and disseminates sustainability accounting standards across environmental, social, and governance topics that facilitate communication between companies and investors about financially material and actionable information.
Domain 2:247
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
The four common elements of the attorney-client privilege include:
Domain 2:248
- A communication
- Made between privileged people
- In confidence
- For the purpose of seeking, obtaining, or providing legal assistance to the client
What are five techniques that can be used to assist with emerging issue identification?
Domain 2:249
- Delphi technique
- Environmental scanning
- Issue management
- Emerging issues analysis
- Scenario development
Prof practices p. 301-303
What are the five key business partners for product stewards?
Domain 2:250
- Research and development (technology)
- Marketing
- Sales
- Training
- Leadership
Full business value p. 22-26
Both _________, such as product content or marketing plans, and ______________, such as changed regulations, necessitate a process for management to minimize, mitigate, and manage the risk of noncompliance situations.
Domain 2:251
Internal changes, external changes
Potential venues to interact with other product stewards include which professional societies?
Domain 2:252
- Product Stewardship Society
- Society of Chemical Hazard Communication
- Society of Risk Analysis
- Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC); SETAC - Europe
- Regulatory Affairs Professional Society
- American Industrial Hygiene Association
- Product Stewardship & Regulatory Affairs Council of The Conference Board
- Eurotox
What does “Section 1:Identification” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:253
This section identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the recommended uses. It also provides the essential contact information of the supplier. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 2:Hazard(s) Identification” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:254
This section identifies the hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS and the appropriate warning information associated with those hazards. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 3:Composition/Information on Ingredients” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:255
This section identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product indicated on the SDS, including impurities and stabilizing additives. This section includes information on substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 4: First-Aid Measures” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:256
This section describes the initial care that should be given by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2;257
This section provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the chemical. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 6: Accidental Release Measures” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:258
This section provides recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and cleanup practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, properties, or the environment. It may also include recommendations distinguishing between responses for large and small spills where the spill volume has a significant impact on the hazard. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 7: Handling and Storage” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:259
This section provides guidance on the safe handling practices and conditions for safe storage of chemicals. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:260
This section indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures that can be used to minimize worker exposure. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:261
This section identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 10: Stability and Reactivity” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:262
This section describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and the chemical stability information. This section is broken into three parts: reactivity, chemical stability, and other. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 11: Toxicological Information” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:263
This section identifies toxicological and health effects information or indicates that such data are not available. (Required under OSHA)
What does “Section 12: Ecological Information (non-mandatory)” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:264
This section provides information to evaluate environmental impact of the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. (not required under OSHA)
What does “Section 13: Disposal Considerations (non-mandatory) cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:265
This section provides guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling or reclamation of the chemical(s) or its container, and safe handling practices. To minimize exposure, this section should also refer the reader to Section 8 (Exposure Controls/Personal Protection) of the SDS. (Not required under OSHA)
What does “Section 14: Transport Information (non-mandatory)” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:266
This section provides guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea. (Not required under OSHA)
What does “Section 15: Regulatory Information (non-mandatory)” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:267
This section identifies the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific for the product that are not indicated anywhere else on the SDS. (Not required under OSHA)
What does “Section 16: Other Information” cover in an SDS?
Domain 2:268
This section indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last known revision was made. The SDS may also state where the changes have been made to the previous version. You may wish to contact the supplier for an explanation of the changes. Other useful information also may be included here. (Not required under OSHA)
Define “tort law.”
Do,aim 2:269
Tort law broadly involves a wrong done by one person (including corporate “persons”) to another that is civil rather than criminal in nature and does not rely on the existence of an agreement made between two persons.
Full business value p. 77
Define “duty of care.”
Domain 2:270
A requirement that a person act toward others and the public with the watchfulness, attention, caution, and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would use. If a person’s actions do not meet this standard of care, then the acts are considered negligent and any damages resulting may be claimed in a lawsuit for negligence.
Full business value p. 77-78
Define “negligence.”
Domain 2:271
Negligence refers to a situation in which a person’s actions create an unreasonable risk of harm to another, and, indeed, such harm does result.
Full business value p. 77
Describe “standard of care.”
Domain 2:272
Assuming a duty of care is owed to a person, the question in assessing whether a defendant met or failed to meet that duty turns on whether the defendant’s conduct posed an unreasonable risk of harm to that person, given the circumstances of the act or activity.
Full business value p. 78
List the two types of causation and their definitions.
Domain 2:273
- Causation in fact - otherwise known as actual or “but for” causation. It is intended to show that “but for” the defendant’s conduct, the plaintiff’s injury would not have occurred.
- Proximate causation - that the injury incurred by the plaintiff was a reasonably foreseeable result of the defendant’s actions. It is possible to have situations where the defendant’s actions unleash a chain of Rube Goldberg-like events that may result in the plaintiff’s injury, and in cases like this, recovery may be decided due to lack of proximate causation.
Full business value p. 78
Describe “intentional torts.”
Domain 2:274
In intentional torts, the basis is not negligent conduct but rather the tortfeasor’s intent to create an impact on another person, whether or not there is an actual intent to cause harm. Whether a tort is based on intent rather than negligence is perhaps most significant in the reach of liability and assessment of damages.
Full business value p. 79
Define “product liability.”
Domain 2:275
Product liability is the area of tort law in which the seller’s liability derives from a defective product that results in injury or other harm to the purchaser. A seller may be considered liable based on either negligence, warranty, or strict liability theories.
Full business value p.79-80
Describe “warranty’ in the context of product stewardship.
Domain 2:276
A seller of an injury-causing product may be held liable in contract law for breach of an express or implied warranty. That is, the seller may have represented to the purchaser that the product has certain attributes, e.g., that it is safe to handle, impervious to stress, or that it is leak-proof.
Full business value p.80-81
What is “privity”?
Domain 2:277
To show that the plaintiff had a purchaser relationship with the defendant and relied on the defendant’s warranty claims as an element of the transaction.
Full business value p. 79-80
What is “strict liability”?
Domain 2:278
Liability without the need to show fault. It is an increasingly used avenue for seeking recovery for damages caused by defective products.
Full business value p. 81-83
What is “duty to warn”?
Domain 2:279
The manufacturer’s obligation to provide adequate instructions of warning to address potential dangers; the lack of adequate warnings is one type of product defect. However, if a product is already considered defective by another standard in its manufacture or design, a clearly stated warning does not reverse the presence of the defect.
Full business value p. 83-84
