Domain 1: Assessment, Impact Analysis, and Risk Management Flashcards
Define “Product Stewardship”
Domain 1: 101
“Product Stewardship” describes the responsible management of the health, safety, and environmental aspects of raw materials, intermediate, and consumer products throughout their lifecycle and across the value chain in order to prevent or minimize negative impacts and maximize value.
Core comp for PS page 4
What are the four ways product stewardship can add value to the product design process?
Domain 1: 102
- Avoid hidden costs
- Future-proofing the product
- Enabling addressable markets
- Providing market differentiation
Professional Practices p. 163-164
Name three commonly used design thinking frameworks.
Domain 1: 103
Triple bottom line,
Cradle to cradle design,
And circular economy
Prof Practices p. 165-166
Define “Design for Environment” (DFE).
Domain 1:104
DFE aims to reduce the overall human health and environmental impact of a product, process, or service across its lifecycle cycle.
Prof Practices p. 167
Define “green chemistry”
Domain 1: 105
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.
Prof Practices p. 170
Define “life cycle”
Domain 1: 106
“Life cycle” describes the entire process of existence of a product including development, manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal/reuse.
Prof Practices p. 15
Define “hazard of a chemical.”
Domain 1: 107
The hazard of a chemical is the inherent capability of a chemical to cause harm.
Prof Practices p. 56
Most regional, national, and international transportation regulations are based on what regulatory framework?
Domain 1: 108
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (TDG Model Regulations)
Prof practices p. 224
What are the five key considerations when performing a product exposure assessment?
Domain 1: 109
- Product attributes
- Product use(s)
- Environmental factors
- Potential hazards
- Potential receptors
Prof practices p. 97
How do exposure assessments work?
Domain 1: 110
Exposure assessments use qualitative, quantitative, or semi quantitative approaches that vary by agent, hazard, route of exposure, and exposed population to characterize the potential exposure of various populations to hazards of concern.
Prof practices p. 94-96
What process is used to characterize the likelihood of chemical, physical, biological, and other stressors to cause harm to birds, fish, and wildlife?
Domain 1: 111
Ecological risk assessment
What are the 3 Rs for humane animal use during the conduct of toxicological studies?
Domain 1: 112
- Replacement
- Reduction
- Refinement
The core concept of green chemistry echoes some aspects of which other control system?
Domain 1: 113
Hazard control
Prof practices p. 170
Green chemistry is also called what?
Domain 1: 114
Sustainable chemistry
Prof practices p. 170
What is the “hierarchy of hazard controls”?
Domain 1: 115
The hierarchy of hazard controls is a system used in industry to reduce or eliminate worker exposure to hazards.
Prof practices p. 170
What is a chemical alternatives assessment (AA)?
Domain 1: 116
A chemical alternatives assessment (AA) is a process for identifying and comparing chemical alternatives to chemicals of concern based on their hazards, performance, and economic viability.
Prof practices p. 170-171
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has defined standards around which three types of environmental labeling and declarations?
Domain 1: 117
- Type I: Environmental labeling
- Type II: Self-declared environmental claims
- Type III: Environmental declarations
Prof practices p. 173
Define “life cycle assessment (LCA).”
Domain 1: 118
A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a formal practice that delivers information and insight to allow a more considered view of the relative consequences of making a particular choice that takes into account the full product life cycle.
Prof practices p. 181
Which assessment do product stewards use to elevate the environmental performance of a product or service throughout its life cycle?
Domain 1: 119
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
Prof practices p. 181
A life cycle assessment (LCA) consists of which four phases?
Domain 1: 120
- Goal and scope definition
- Inventory analysis
- Impact assessment
- Interpretation
Prof practices p. 183
Define “life cycle inventory analysis.”
Domain 1: 121
The process for estimating the consumption of resources and generation of quantities of emissions, wastes, and energy throughout the life cycle of the system or product.
Prof practices p. 187
A life cycle inventory analysis includes which five factors?
Domain 1: 122
- Raw materials/energy needs
- Manufacturing processes
- Transportation, storage, and distribution requirements
- Use and reuse
- Recycle and end of life scenarios such as incineration and land filling
Prof practices p. 187
What do “flows” in the context of life cycle assessment refer to?
Domain 1: 123
Inputs and outputs to and from a process, group of processes, or product system, such as natural resources, materials, energy, products, waste, and emissions.
Prof practices p. 187
How do we set the boundary of the product life cycle?
Domain 1: 124
By defining the life cycle stages, processes, and flows to be included within the system to be appraised.
Prof practices p. 187
What three steps does defining a system usually involve?
Domain 1: 125
- Drawing a simple diagram of life cycle stages with generic inputs and outputs from the life cycle stages
- Data gathering and discussions to specify in more detail the activities within each life cycle stage and the inputs and outputs of each stage
- Exclusion of insignificant or unnecessary elements of the product system
Prof practices p. 187
Define an “impact category indicator.”
Domain 1: 126
An impact category indicator is the final result of converting the life cycle inventory data into common units, such as carbon dioxide equivalents, and then adding the common units up.
Prof practices p. 190
The selection of impacts reported in a life cycle assessment (LCA) is decided based on what?
Domain 1: 127
The goal of the study and understanding of the environmental issues related to the product system being studied.
Prof practices p. 190
What should you look for when choosing a characterization model to perform a life cycle assessment?
Domain 1: 128
Completeness, practicality, objectiveness, lack of bias, environmental relevance, and scientific method.
Prof practices p. 190
Define “sensitivity analysis.”
Domain 1: 129
A sensitivity analysis is a systematic procedure for estimating effects of chose. Methods and data on inventory and impact assessments results and the study outcome.
Prof practices p. 194
How is a sensitivity analysis conducted?
Domain 1: 130
By assessing the effects of varying data and assumptions within expected ranges on the inventory results, impact assessments, and conclusions.
Prof practices p. 195
Name three ways to check the influence of varying multiple data points.
Domain 1: 131
- Data distribution evaluation
- Monte Carlo assessment
- Probability density functions
Prof practices p. 195
Should reporting and critical review requirements be defined before, during, or after the life cycle assessment study?
Domain 1: 132
At the beginning of the life cycle assessment study.
Prof practices p. 196