Domain 1: Competency 2

Question 1

First-Language

Answer 1

L1 (Native)

Question 2

Second-Language

Answer 2

L2

Question 3

Noam Chomsky

Answer 3

Believes children are able to learn superficial grammar of a specific language because all language is founded on the universal grammar rules. Due to the universal grammar rules, he believes that children already know the basic functions.

Question 4

Code Switching

Answer 4

Changing from native language to the other while speaking/writing

Question 5

Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition

Answer 5

5 Hypothesis

Question 6

Krashen- Acquisition-learning hypothesis

Answer 6

Two systems- the acquired and learned system. The acquired system is similar to the first language learning process and requires interaction with the second language and natural communication. The learning or learned system is a conscious process of formal instruction. Krashen believes this is not as important as the acquired system.

Question 7

Krashen- Monitoring hypothesis

Answer 7

Focus on the rule and correct deviations from normal speech.

Question 8

Krashen- Natural Order hypothesis

Answer 8

Acquisition of grammar follows a natural rule and process

Question 9

Krashen- Input hypothesis

Answer 9

How second language takes place- acquisition NOT learning

Question 10

Krashen- Affective Filter hypothesis

Answer 10

Filters or blocks second language information or input for secondary acquisition

Question 11

Dr. Marzano

Answer 11

6-step process for vocabulary

Question 12

First 3 steps of Dr. Marzano’s process

Answer 12

assist the teacher in direct instruction

Question 13

Last 3 steps of Dr. Marzano’s process

Answer 13

provide the learner practice and reinforcement

Question 14

Dr. Marzano- Step 1

Answer 14

The teacher will give a description, explanation, or example of the new term. (Direct Instruction)

Question 15

Dr. Marzano- Step 2

Answer 15

The teacher will ask the learner to give a description, explanation, or example of the new term in his/her own words. (Direct Instruction)

Question 16

Dr. Marzano- Step 3

Answer 16

The teacher will ask the learner to draw a picture, symbol, or locate a graphic to represent the new term. (Direct Instruction)

Question 17

Dr. Marzano- Step 4

Answer 17

The learner will participate in activities that provide more knowledge of the words in their vocabulary notebooks. (Practice & Reinforcement)

Question 18

Dr. Marzano- Step 5

Answer 18

The learner will discuss the term with other learners. (Practice & Reinforcement)

Question 19

Dr. Marzano- Step 6

Answer 19

The learner will participate in games that provide more reinforcement of the new term. (Practice & Reinforcement)

Question 20

Lau v. Nichols

Answer 20

Before 1974, ELs did not receive systematic assistance for their language needs. The approach known as “sink-or-swim” was outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court as a violation of minority children’s civil rights in this case.

Question 21

TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages)

Answer 21

6 principles:
Know ​Your Learners
Create ​Conditions for Language Learning
Design ​High-​Quality Lessons for ​Language ​Development
Adapt ​Lesson ​Delivery as Needed
Monitor and ​Assess ​Student ​Language Development
Engage and ​Collaborate within a ​Community of ​Practice

Question 22

Linguistic Competence

Answer 22

The knowledge of the English linguistic code, including lexical items, rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology. Often times ESL students may thoroughly understand all of the rules of the English language but may be unable to apply them to oral communication.
Linguistic competence asks: What words do I use? How do I put them into phrases and sentences?

Question 23

Discourse Competence

Answer 23

The ability to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.
Discourse competence asks: How are words, phrases and sentences put together to create conversations, speeches, email messages, newspaper articles?

Question 24

Socio-linguistic Competence

Answer 24

The knowledge of the sociocultural rules of language and of discourse. Sociolinguistic competence includes being culturally sensitive to social rules such as taboos and politeness. Sociolinguistic competence is culturally specific.
Sociolinguistic competence asks: Which words and phrases fit this setting and this topic? How can I express a specific attitude (courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? How do I know what attitude another person is expressing?

Question 25

Strategic Competence

Answer 25

The verbal and nonverbal communication strategies that may be called into action to compensate for breakdowns in communication due to performance variables or due to insufficient competence. Some examples of strategic competence are asking questions, taking turns, using gestures, role playing, etc.
Strategic competence asks: How do I know when I’ve misunderstood or when someone has misunderstood me? What do I say then? How can I express my ideas if I don’t know the name of something or the right verb form to use?