Domain 1: Competency 1 Flashcards
ESL
English as a Second Language
ELL
English Language Learner
ESOL
English to Speakers of Other Languages
Language Functions
Describing, hypothesizing, reflectioning, predicting
Effective Practice
Hands-on learning promotes engagement and inquiry
Small-group
Authentic communication with other students
Strategies to help learn
Short stories or narratives- activate prior learning, expository text, comprehension questions, use various language functions, Venn diagrams, record data, sentence stems
ELPS
English Language Proficiency Standards
Cognate
Words that have a common origin
Discourse
Discourse is a continuous stretch of speech or written text, continuous sentence to express thought- taking turns during speech.
Lexicon
The knowledge that a native speaker has about language (relationships/structure)
Morphology
Internal structure of words- prefix, affix, root word, suffix, classes- verb, noun, adjective
function- subject and object
Lexical Ambiguity
Lexial- parts of speech, lexial ambiguity is when two or more words are spelled the same but have different meanings
Lexicon
The knowledge that a native speaker has about language (relationships/structure), list of words- dictionary
Morphology
Internal structure of words- prefix, affix, root word, suffix, classes- verb, noun, adjective
function- subject and object
smallest unit
Phonemes
Smallest unit of sound in speech
Phonics
Relationship between letters of written language and sounds of spoken language
Phonological Awareness
Recognize, work, manipulate the sounds of written language (syllables/rimes/onsets). Basis for phonics.
How many types of language registers are there?
Five
Phonics/Decoding
Relationship between letters and sounds
Formal/ Academic Register
Interviews, public speaking, classroom (lectures)
Syntax
How words are put together in a sentence, clause, or phrase. Word order in a sentence, agreement, subject/object
Casual/Informal Register
Talking with friends, creating a rough draft, using slang
Intimate Register
Conversation between lovers, sexual harassment
Universal Rule
A person can go from one register to another, but if they skip any of the registers, it is considered anti-social behavior
Four main aspects of language
Phonology, semantics, pragmatics, and syntax
Linguistic Competence
Understands four aspects of language
Communicative Competence
When a student can use and understands the four aspects of language
Communicative Competence
When a student can use and understands the four aspects of language
Phonology
the study of the system and patterns of these speech sounds: how they are pronounced, how they combine together, how they rhyme
How many types of morphemes?
Two- free and bound
Free morphemes
can stand alone as a meaning of a word (re-write)
Bound morphemes
a morpheme that can’t stand alone
Affix
morphemes which are added to root words and stems
Suffix
follows the root/stem
Prefix
before the root/stem
Infix
in the root/stem
Conventional Syntax
How language is used- correct order in dialect
True Cognate
The spelling and meaning of the word are the same, but it is pronounced differently (accent mark).
Partial Cognate
The word in other languages is from the same origin, but the spelling is different. The meaning will be the same. Example: fragrance/ fragrancia
False Cognate
The word in another language may have the same origin, but will have different spelling and meaning. Example: exit (to go out) and exito (false friend).
Phonemic Awareness
A subset of phonological awareness and the alphabetic principle. This is more specific language-sound because there are 44 phonemes. Phonemic awareness is hard for EL’s because they are learning the phonological system.
Word families/Phonograms
inflectional, suffixes, prefixes
Interrelatedness
Correlation between reading/writing/speaking
