Domain 1: Basic and Applied Science & Nutrition Concepts Flashcards
Where is the thyroid?
Neck
What muscles are needed for proper exhale?
Internal intercoastals and Abdominal muscles
Bradypnea
Breathing rate less than 8 breaths per minute
What are the three regions of the digestive system?
- Head and neck
- Upper GI tract
- Lower GI tract
Blood flow through the veins occurs by:
- Contraction of skeletal muscle surrounding vein
* Contraction of smooth muscle along the vein
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta (The aorta leaves the heart and transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.)
What is the color of deoxygenated blood?
Red.
(Blood is always red because of iron. The only difference is in the brightness of the color. When blood does not contain oxygen, blood is a maroon color; with the presence of oxygen, blood will be a more vibrant red.)
What blood vessels are the site of the gas exchange in the body?
Capillaries
Strength training and moderate-intensity exercise will increase levels of what hormones?
Testosterone, growth hormone, IGF.
The cardiorespiratory is made of the ____ and _____ systems of the body that work together to deliver oxygen to the parts of the body.
Cardiovascular and respiratory system
The superior chambers of the heart are called _____.
Left and Right Atria (or atrium if singular)
What gland is human growth hormone released from?
Pituitary
What are the steps of the heart conduction, starting at the SA Node?
- SA Node
- AV Node
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
Where are your adrenal glands?
Above the kidneys (The adrenal glands have 2 divisions. The innermost section - called the medulla - secretes catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine needed for fight or flight. The outer division - called the cortex - is responsible for the creation and secretion of mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone needed for water and salt balance), glucocorticoids (such as cortisol), and sex hormones.)
How is cardiac muscle different than skeletal muscle?
- Cardiac muscle is involuntary
- Cardiac muscle fibers are shorter and more tightly connected than skeletal.
- Cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs
What is the flow of blood vessels starting from the heart?
Heart Aorta Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Vein Vena Cava
What is the order of airflow through the respiratory system, starting at the nasal cavity and ending at the alveolar sac?
1) Nasal cavity
2) Oral cavity
3) Pharynx
4) Larynx
5) Trachea
6) Primary bronchi
7) Bronchioles
8) Alveoli
9) Alveolar sacs
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are sympathetic or parasympathetic in nature?
Sympathetic.
(Epinephrine (or adrenaline) and norepinephrine will stimulate the fight or flight response (which is also referred to as sympathetic function).
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport and deliver blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the heart.
Clients on blood thinners or anticoagulants may bruise after massage or foam rolling. Why?
These medications alter clients’ blood clotting abilities that may make them bruise easier.
What gland is also known as the “master gland”?
Pituitary
During exercise, you should check a client’s pulse using the carotid artery in the neck.
False.
(Putting pressure on this artery reduces blood flow to the brain which can cause dizziness, inaccurate measurement, or in extreme cases loss of consciousness. For these reasons and more, NASM does not recommend this site to check for heart rate on a client and recommends only using the radial artery.)
After the blood leaves the pulmonary vein, blood will travel to the ______.
Left Atria
What muscles are needed for proper inhale?
- Diaphram
- External intercostals
- Scalenes
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Pectoralis minor
What is the blood flow of the heart, starting in the vena cava.
Vena Cava Right Atria Right Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left Atria Left Ventricle Aorta Tissues of the body
What is the name for the stress hormone that is used for tissue catabolism?
Cortisol
Catabolism means to break apart. Tissue catabolism refers to breaking down tissues such as muscles.
What is the flow of food, from the mouth to the anus?
1) Mouth
2) Esophagus
3) Stomach
4) Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
5) Large intestine (cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon)
6) Rectum
7) Anus
What are the two main hormones that are responsible for controlling blood sugar?
- Insulin (decreases blood sugar)
* Glucagon (increases blood sugar)
Glucagon
increases blood sugar
Insulin
decreases blood sugar
The heart is contained in the _____, an area of the chest located within the thoracic cavity.
Mediastinum
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine, in order after, after the stomach?
1) Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum
(The duodenum and jejunum are responsible for the absorption of macronutrients. The ileum is responsible for the absorption of salts, vitamins, and electrolytes.)
What is the function of the Respiratory system?
To collect oxygen from the external environment and transport it to the tissues of the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
How do you manually find someone’s heart rate?
1) Place middle and index finger around the palm side of the wrist, about an inch down from the wrist and on the thumb side.
2) Locate the radial artery by applying light pressure
3) When finding resting heart rate, count the number of pulses you feel for 60 seconds
4) When finding heart rate during exercise, count the number of pulses in 6 seconds and add a 0 to the end (If 12 pulses are felt, the heart rate is 120).
As men age, testosterone declines.
True.
(While the natural decline of testosterone does occur with age, other factors such as overall health and exercise levels have a higher degree of change than age. Men who are active and are free of medical conditions have been shown to have higher levels of men the same age with sedentary lifestyles and chronic conditions such as hypertension or arthritis.)
After oxygen is taken out of blood and carbon dioxide is put into the blood, blood will travel through the veins to the ______ which will bring blood back to the heart.
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava which empty into the right atria of the heart.
What are the parts of the respiratory airways?
- Alveoli
- Alveolar sacs
(The respiratory system is comprised of two parts: the conducting airways and the respiratory airways. The conducting airways include the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, left and right pulmonary bronchi, and bronchioles. The respiratory airway is comprised of the alveoli and alveolar sacs.)
What makes up the conducting airway of the respiratory system?
Nasal Cavity Oral cavity Pharynx (throat) Larynx (voice box) Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles
Where in your body is your heart?
Obliquely in the center of the thoracic cavity in the chest. (It is a common misconception that the heart is on the left side of your chest. The heart sits directly behind the sternum in the center of the chest, slightly angled toward the left side.)
