Doing psychology Flashcards
What do interviews allow for?
Allows participants to answer in their own ways
What do we get from qualitative research interviews?
- participants own language
- richness of how people talk about their views, lives etc.
- discover what interviewee wants to talk about
What is a quantitative interview ?
Interview schedule with fixed set of interview questions
What are the features of a quantitative interview?
- short specific questions
- fixed order of questions
- no prompting
- rapport with interviewee is formal
- statistical analysis will be used to analyse results
What is a qualitative semi-structured interview?
Interview has a schedule but only guiding interview. Interviewer has topics to cover but attempts to enter in world of interviewee and allows interview to develop unexpected themes
What are the features of a qualitative semi-structured interview?
- order of questions are not so important
- there is probing
- relatively informal style
- attempts to establish rapport with interviewee
What is a qualitative unstructured interview?
Interview has a schedule but does not need to be strictly followed. Interviewer has topics to cover but wants interviewees to talk at length about themselves and their history in their own words
What are the features of a qualitative unstructured interview?
- order of questions are not important
- probing/ follow up questions
- attempts to establish closer relationship
What interview method is best for covering sensitive topics/ misrepresented voices?
A qualitative unstructured interview
What are focus groups also referred to as?
Referred as group interviews
In focus groups, how does the researcher act?
Researcher acts as a facilitator of a small group discussion
What is a focus group?
These are small groups of people who share a common characteristic or experience
What are the four stages of the research process?
- planning and preparing
- conducting interview
- transcribing interview
- analyse data and write up analysis
What type of sample is used in quantitative research?
Big random sample (representative)
What type of sample is used in qualitative research?
Small sample
What are three examples of non-representative sampling?
- purposive sampling
- snowballing sampling
- convenience sampling
What is purposive sampling?
Selecting people on basis of relevance to research question
What is snowballing sampling?
Word of mouth/ networks used to locate people who fit certain criteria
What is convenience sampling?
Locating a group of people as quickly as possible to maximise convenience and minimise cost, friends, colleagues etc.,
What is transcribing?
Producing a written representation of audio (or audio-video) recording
What is orthographic transcription?
Transcription of what was said (word-for-word), usually using standard orthography (with or without punctuation), and including identification of each speaker in turn but no indication of prosody/ other non-linguistic clues
What is non-linguistic transcription?
Transcription including non-linguistic clues, such as indication of pauses, “mms”, volume, stresses, prolongation of syllables (not standard spelling), overlaps, laughter particles, etc., including identification of each speaker in turn
What is the most popular non-linguistic transcription?
Jefferson Transcription
What is thematic analysis?
Method of qualitative data analysis
What is the aim of thematic analysis?
Aims at searching, identifying, and analysing relevant meaning or themes (=patterns of what is being said)
What do the themes in thematic analysis represent?
Themes can reflect existing theories or concepts (deductive) or can be generated from the data (inductive) or both
What is the aim of grounded theory?
Aim is to develop a theory grounded in the data (inductive development of theory, that is, the theory starts with data/ empirical world)
What do research questions in grounded theory start with and end with?
Start with general interest on topic rather than specific research question, and end up working on a specific research question through an active research process
Where is data collected from in grounded theory?
Data is collected from people who have experience of topic of interest
What is step one of grounded theory?
Establish analytic sense of our initial analysis – code data line-by-line defining the actions or events that you see as occurring in it or represented by it
What is step two of grounded theory?
Focused coding: deciding which of earlier codes best capture (selective phase) what participant is doing or what is happening in data (for instance, take most significant or frequent codes of initial coding)
Raise these codes to conceptual categories and label them
What is step three of grounded theory?
Memo writing: explain category by writing narrative statements and provide empirical evidence to support your definition of the category
What is behaviourism?
It is the study of observable behaviour, not mind
What has memory always been about?
Always been about how we remember things
What is memory associated with?
It is associated with the storage/ inscription of information
What do attitudes refer to?
Refer to any kind of mental disposition
