Doing Philosophy

Question 1

A Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy

Answer 1

Socrates
(c.470 BC 399 BC)

Question 2

are people who engage in philosophy or
“lover of wisdom”

Answer 2

Philosophers

Question 3

comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia (wisdom) which were used by ancient Greeks to refer to “love of wisdom” and soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate, causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things

Answer 3

Philosophy

Question 4

traces its roots to when people started asking “why” and tried looking for answers.

Answer 4

Philosophizing

Question 5

Always remember that these are difficult questions and almost impossible to answer.

Answer 5

Philosophical Questions

Question 6

Philosophical Questions

Answer 6

What is the origin of the universe and everything that exists?

Does God exist? If so, why is there suffering?

What is the meaning and purpose of life?

Question 7

Called the real first philosopher by Aristotle and cited as one of the Seven Wise Men in “Protagoras” by Plato.

Answer 7

Thales of Miletus:
Lived from c.624 c. 545 B.C.

Question 8

FIRST PRINCIPLE
All matter comes from a single material substance: _____

Answer 8

“Water as a first principle”

Question 9

a mathematician and scientist, credited with
formulating the Pythagorean Theorem

Answer 9

Pythagoras

Question 10

proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos

Answer 10

Heraclitus

Question 11

study the causes of natural phenomena was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

Answer 11

Democritus

Question 12

a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life

Answer 12

Diogenes of Sinope

Question 13

philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness

Answer 13

Epicurus

Question 14

school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain

Answer 14

Epicureanism

Question 15

considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times

Answer 15

Socrates

Question 16

a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and anlyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

Answer 16

Socratic Method

Question 17

a student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas

Answer 17

Plato

Question 18

a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge

Answer 18

Dialectic

Question 19

an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the Western World

Answer 19

Academy

Question 20

he attended the academy and prominent student of Plato

Answer 20

Aristotle

Question 21

Study of things beyond the physical; concepts or things that cannot be experimented

Answer 21

METAPHYSICS=foundation of philosophy

meta:beyond/after

physika:Physical/nature

Question 22

studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons
and principles through the aid of reason alone

Answer 22

ONTOLOGY or GENERAL METAPHYSICS
onto:being or that which is
Logos:
knowledge or study

Question 23

studies the world (or universe) including
its origin, dynamics and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order

Answer 23

SPECIAL METAPHYSICS

COSMOLOGY
kosmos:world
logos:study

Question 24

study of the nature and dynamics of the human person as a whole with emphasis on the way the person’s mind functions and the way he/she behaves

Answer 24

PSYCHOLOGY
psyche:soul/mind
logos:study

Question 25

study of God justification of the goodness of God in the face of the existence of evil

Answer 25

THEODICY or NATURAL THEOLOGY theos:God

Question 26

study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief

Answer 26

Epistemology episteme:knowledge logos:study

Question 27

study of the principles and criteria of a valid argument = distinguish sound or good reasoning from unsoundnor bad reasoning

Answer 27

LOGIC logos= science of correct thinking

Question 28

morality of human= actions how human persons ought to act and the search for a definition of a right conduct and good life

Answer 28

ETHICS ethos:custom or habit

Question 29

the nature of values

Answer 29

Axiology

Question 30

issues of right and wrong, responsibility, and standards of conduct.

Answer 30

Ethics

Question 31

the nature of beauty and art.

Answer 31

Aesthetics

Question 32

-IS WHEN ONE EXAMINES HIS OR HER THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS AND, ACTIONS; AND EVALUATE HIS OR HER EXPERIENCES FIRST BEFORE MAKING ANY RELATED ACTION

Answer 32

PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

Question 33

- IT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT ALL THE ASPECTS OF A GIVEN SITUATION OR PROBLEM BEFORE MAKING ANY ACTION OR CONCLUSIONS

Answer 33

HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 34

which is the ability to think logically. The ability of the mind to construct and evaluate arguments.

Answer 34

Primary Reflection

Question 35

According to Marcel this type of reflection enables us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of reality.

Answer 35

Secondary reflection

Question 36

When we are doing philosophical reflections and we are engaged in finding ways or methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract idea, we are already ______

Answer 36

"doing philosophy".