Dogma

Question 1

What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 1

The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

True or False: The Central Dogma states that information can flow from protein back to DNA.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called __________.

Answer 3

transcription

Question 4

What is the process of synthesizing proteins from RNA called?

Answer 4

translation

Question 5

Which molecule carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Answer 5

mRNA

Question 6

True or False: DNA replication is part of the Central Dogma.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What type of RNA is involved in transporting amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 7

tRNA

Question 8

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 8

RNA polymerase

Question 9

Fill in the blank: During translation, ribosomes read the __________ sequence of mRNA.

Answer 9

codon

Question 10

What is a codon?

Answer 10

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Question 11

Which process occurs first in the Central Dogma?

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

True or False: All genes are expressed as proteins.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is the role of ribosomes in the Central Dogma?

Answer 13

Ribosomes facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Question 14

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) dRNA

Answer 14

D) dRNA

Question 15

What is the primary function of mRNA?

Answer 15

To serve as a template for protein synthesis.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The Central Dogma was first articulated by __________.

Answer 16

Francis Crick

Question 17

What happens during the process of splicing?

Answer 17

Introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined together.

Question 18

True or False: The Central Dogma applies to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the function of DNA in the Central Dogma?

Answer 19

DNA stores the genetic information.

Question 20

Which type of RNA makes up the majority of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Answer 20

rRNA

Question 21

Multiple choice: Which process is NOT part of the Central Dogma? A) Replication B) Transcription C) Translation D) Mutation

Answer 21

D) Mutation

Question 22

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Answer 22

It determines how sequences of nucleotides correspond to amino acids.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The start codon for translation is __________.

Answer 23

AUG

Question 24

True or False: All organisms share the same genetic code.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the role of transcription factors?

Answer 25

Transcription factors help regulate the transcription of specific genes.

Question 26

What is the end product of transcription?

Answer 26

mRNA

Question 27

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a stop codon? A) UAA B) AUG C) GGC D) UGG

Answer 27

A) UAA

Question 28

What is the purpose of the promoter region in DNA?

Answer 28

It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing a complementary strand of DNA from an existing DNA strand is called __________.

Answer 29

replication

Question 30

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have introns, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

Answer 31

It attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 32

What is a mutation?

Answer 32

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can affect gene function.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The three stages of translation are __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 33

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 34

True or False: Proteins are made up of nucleotides.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What is the difference between exons and introns?

Answer 35

Exons are coding sequences, while introns are non-coding sequences in pre-mRNA.

Question 36

What is reverse transcription?

Answer 36

Reverse transcription is the process of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the __________.

Answer 37

nucleus

Question 38

What is the role of the 5' cap in mRNA?

Answer 38

It protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding.

Question 39

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Enzymatic activity B) Structural support C) Genetic information storage D) Transport

Answer 39

C) Genetic information storage

Question 40

What is the significance of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

Answer 40

It enhances the stability of mRNA and aids in the export from the nucleus.

Question 41

What is the role of the ribosomal subunits during translation?

Answer 41

They come together to form a functional ribosome that synthesizes proteins.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: __________ are the building blocks of proteins.

Answer 42

Amino acids

Question 43

True or False: The genetic code is degenerate, meaning multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What are the three main types of RNA involved in the Central Dogma?

Answer 44

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Question 45

What is the role of chaperone proteins?

Answer 45

Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The __________ sequence of a gene determines the order of amino acids in a protein.

Answer 46

coding

Question 47

True or False: DNA is made up of amino acids.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What is the main purpose of gene regulation?

Answer 48

To control when and how much of a gene product is made.

Question 49

Multiple choice: What type of RNA is primarily responsible for carrying the genetic code to ribosomes? A) rRNA B) tRNA C) mRNA D) sRNA

Answer 49

C) mRNA

Question 50

What is the significance of the start codon AUG?

Answer 50

It signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that the flow of genetic information is unidirectional.

Answer 51

Central Dogma

Question 52

What is the effect of a frameshift mutation?

Answer 52

A frameshift mutation alters the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially changing all downstream amino acids.

Question 53

True or False: The Central Dogma was proposed in the 1950s.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What is the role of regulatory elements in gene expression?

Answer 54

Regulatory elements control the timing and level of gene expression.

Question 55

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic unit of heredity.

Answer 55

gene