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VTA 150 > Dog breeds > Flashcards

Dog breeds Flashcards

1
Q

Artificial selection

A

Humans! Used to increase desirable and potentially diverse genes in a population. Favors certain individuals for breeding

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2
Q

Inbreeding

A

Mating of close relatives (genetically similar): parent-offspring, sibling-sibling etc
⬆️ recessive genes and heritable defects
⬇️ vigor
Allows for specific traits to be reproduced
Breeders/show dogs, laboratory medicine, naturally occurring
– increases mortality rate and fertility
– polydactylism

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3
Q

Outcrossing breeding

A 
Mating of unrelated animas of the same breed
⬆️gene pool/diversity 
⬇️undesirable recessive genes
Maintain desirable traits
⬆️vigor
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4
Q

Cross breeding

A

Mating of two or more species
Wild hybrid
⬆️hardiness, viability, production
Faster growth

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5
Q

AKC

A

American Kennel Club
Purebred
Mixed breed
Hybrids
Started in 1884
Mission:
-promote sport of purebred dogs and breeding for type and function
-advocate for purebred dog as a family companion
-advance canine health and well being
-work to protect the rights of all dog owners
-promote responsible dog ownership
Groups: sporting, hound, working, toy, non-sporting, herding, miscellaneous

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6
Q

Brachycephalic

A 
Short head
Problems:
-Stenotic nares
-Elongated soft palate
-Tracheal stenosis
-Heat stress
-Dental overcrowding 
-Skin fold dermatitis (pyoderma)
Breeds:
Pug, Bulldogs (French, English etc) Pekingese
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7
Q

Mesaticephalic

A

Average head

Higher incidence of missing first and fourth premolars

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8
Q

Dilochocephalic

A 
Long, tapered head
Problems:
-Oronasal fistulas 
-Nasal tumors 
-Aspergillosis (bacteria that affects the nervous system)

Breeds:afghan hound, collie

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9
Q

Dome shaped head

A

Due to dystocia (blocked labor due to dome head), babies are delivered via Cesarean section
Open fontanels

Breeds: chihuahua, pug, Frenchies, Pomeranians

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10
Q

Ear shape

A

Erect
Semi-erect
Floppy (more prone to infections and problems)

Cropped ears: Great Dane, Doberman Pinscher, Miniature Pinscher, pit bull, boxer, giant schnauzer

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11
Q

What is a breed?

A

A group of animals, who through selection have come to resemble one another and pass on traits

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12
Q

Sporting

A 
Active and alert
Likeable, well rounded
Instincts in water and woods
- hunting and field activities
Regular and invigorating exercise
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13
Q

Golden retriever

A 
Great Britain 
1800's
Sporting 
Retrieving birds 
Laid back, easy going 
Good family dog
Health 
-cancer😲😱😲 all types
-obesity
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14
Q

Labrador retriever

A 
Sporting
Canada 
1800's
Aided fisherman
Retrieved water fowl 
Guide dogs and seeing eye dogs 
Have a lot of energy
Good family dog
Loves the water 
Health:
-obesity
-diabetes mellitus 
-hip dysplasia
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15
Q

Irish setter

A 
Sporting
Ireland 1700's
Retrieving game
Health:
-epilepsy 
-gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV)
Long silky coat
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16
Q

Cocker spaniel

A 
Sporting 
U.S., Great Britain (Wales)
Retrieving game birds
Health:
-bad bad ear problems, especially chronic ear problems 
-deafness 
-skin allergies
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17
Q

Hounds

A

Used for hunting
Acute olfactory sense and sight
Sting stamina
Baying

Breeds: afghan hound, basset hound, beagle, basenji, dachshund, greyhound

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18
Q

Afghan hound

A 
Afghanistan 
1600's
Dolichocephalic head shape
Hunt gazelle and wolves 
Very fast 
Sight hound
High maintenance grooming  
Health:
-very low body fat
--low anesthesia tolerance 
--hypothermia
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19
Q

Basset hound

A 
Hound 
France/Great Britain 
1800's
Hunted rabbits and hares
Health:
-Intervertebral disk disease (IVDD)
-ectropion
-ear problems
-patellar luxation 
-elbow and hip dysplasia
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20
Q

Beagles

A 
Hound
Great Britain 
1800's
Hunted rabbit and hare 
Two different sizes:
-under 13"
-between 13-15"
Health:
-hip dysplasia 
Hypothyroidism (weight gain, lethargy, alopecia)
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21
Q

Basenji

A 
Hound 
Africa (Egypt)
1800's
Hunting antelope and lions
Barking dog yodel
Cat like personality 
Expressive face
Health:
-1 esterous cycle a year 
-farconi syndrome 
--disease of the kidneys, cannot metabolize all drugs
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22
Q

Dachshund

A 
Hound
Germany
1900's
Flushing badgers out
Smooth, long, wire coat
Health:
-IVDD 
-Obesity 
-hip and elbow dysplasia
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23
Q

Greyhound

A 
Egypt 3000 BC 
Great Britain 900's AD
Hunting deer, fixes and racing
Most often rescue dogs
Heath:
-osteosarcoma
-GDV
-low body fat
--hypothermia 
--low anesthesia
24
Q

Natural selection

A

Naturally occurring, when they are in the wild. It is survival of the fittest, which may not provide a large genetic diversity. They will be pretty similar

25
Q

Working

A 
Guard dogs
Sled dogs
Rescue dogs (snow, water)
Intelligent 
Large build and very strong
Must be properly trained
26
Q

Akita

A 
Working
Japan America 
Hunting bears, guard dog, police dog
Dominance, aggression issues--> mean!!
Health:
GDV- #1 breed to get this 
Allergies
-alopecia
27
Q

Alaskan malamute

A 
Working 
Alaska 
3000 BC
Pulling sleds, hunting, hauling 
Dense double coat
Possible dog aggression issues
Needs adequate exercise and enrichment or can be destructive
28
Q

Boxer

A 
#1 working dog breed
Germany
1800's
Guard dog, bull baiting, herding
Requires a lot of exercise 
Traditionally have cropped ears and tail 
Health:
-high cancer rate  (#1 breed for all cancers types)
-cardiomyopathy 
-aortic stenosis
-GDV
-hip dysplasia 
-hypothyroidism 
-deaf white boxers
-
29
Q

Doberman Pinscher

A 
Workings 
Germany
1800's
Hairs dog, police dog
Traditionally cropped ears and tail
Heath:
-cardiomyopathy
-wobbler's syndrome 
-Von willebrand's disease (clotting disorder)
-GDV
-albino
30
Q

Great Dane

A 
Working
Germany 
Hunting large game
Shorter life span
Traditionally cropped ears and tail 
Health:
-GDV
-wobbler's syndrome 
-hip dysplasia 
-cardiomyopathy
31
Q

Newfoundland

A 
Working
Newfoundland 
Swimming and life saving skills
Heath:
-hip and elbow dysplasia 
Cardiac disease 
Cystinuria (crystals in the urine)
32
Q

Rottweiler

A 
Working
Germany
Guard dog, diving cattle
Aggression 
Traditionally docked tails 
Heath:
-hip and elbow dysplasia 
-cardiomyopathy 
-GDV
-high cancer rate
--osteosarcoma 
-hypothyroidism
33
Q

Saint Bernard

A 
Working
Switzerland 
Search and rescue
Health:
-hip and elbow dysplasia
-cardiomyopathy 
-GDV
-cancer
--osteosarcoma 
-ectropion and ectropion 
-skin complications 
--dermatitis and yeast infections
34
Q

Terriers

A

Feisty and energetic
Variable sizes
Bred to hunt and kill vermin
–not always good with other types of animals

35
Q

American Staffordshire terrier

A 
Terrier
U.S. 
1800's
Aka Pitt Bulls
Bull baiting and fighting 
Traditionally cropped ears
Health:
-hip and elbow dysplasia 
-cardiomyopathy 
-hypothyroidism 
-skin problems 
--allergies 
--mange
36
Q

Scottish Terrier

A 
Terrier
Scotland and Great Britain
Ratters, badger hunters
Heath:
-Von willebrand's disease
-transitional cell carcinoma (bladder cancer)
-epilepsy 
-luxating patella
-hip dysplasia 
-IVDD
-allergies
37
Q

Toy

A

Small dogs
Lap dogs
Great for living in small spaces

38
Q

Cavalier King Charles spaniel

A 
Toy
England
Favorite dog of King Charles I
Heath:
-cataracts
-cardiac mitral valve disease (heart murmur)
-dry eye
-patellar luxation 
-IVDD
--paralysis of hindlimbs
39
Q

Chihuahua

A 
Toy
Mexico
Ceremony
Fear aggression
Health:
-luxating patella
-obesity 
-hypoglycemia 
-cardiomyopathy 
-collapsing trachea (due to obesity)
40
Q

Italian greyhound

A 
Toy
Europe
Companionship, ratter
*sight hound, but toy because of its size
Heath:
-dental disease
-cataracts
-luxating patella 
-fractures of leg bone and tail
-very low body fat
--low anesthesia tolerance
--hypothermia
41
Q

Pekingese

A 
Toy
Ancient China
"Emperor's dog"
Brachycephalic
Dome shaped head
--mostly born by cesarean 
Heath:
-IVDD
-hip dysplasia
-corneal ulcers
-cataracts
-skin fold pyoderma
-dental disease
42
Q

Pomeranian

A 
Toy
Pomerania 
--Poland and Germany
Sled dog, sheep herder-->until bred down
Now a companion dog
Dome head
Health:
-luxating patella 
-alopecia 
-cesarean section
43
Q

Pug

A 
Toy
China
500 BC
Lap dogs and guardians 
Brachycephalic 
Dome head
Cesarean section 
Heath:
-heat stroke
-cornea ulcer
-dry eyes
-entropion
-proptused eyeball (eye pops out)
-hip and elbow dysplasia 
--2nd worst of all breeds, #1 small breeds
-epilepsy 
-skin fold pyoderma
44
Q

Shih Tzu

A 
Toy
China
"Chinese court dog"
Health:
-cataracts 
-dry eye
-glaucoma
-corneal ulcers
-hip dysplasia
-IVDD
-luxating patella 
-allergies 
-liver shunt
-chronic hepatitis
45
Q

Non-sporting

A

Sturdy group with varying sizes, costs, personality, and overall appearance

46
Q

Boston terrier

A 
Non-sporting 
U.S. (Boston)
Bull baiting, ratter
Dome head
--cesarean section 
Brachycephalic
Open fontanels
Health:
-cornea ulcers
-cataracts
-deafness (white head)
-skin allergies
-luxating patella 
-hip dysplasia
47
Q

Bulldog

A 
Non-sporting 
Great Britain
1700's
Bull baiting
Dome head
-cesarean section 
Health:
-mandibular prognathism (under bite)
-hip dysplasia 
--#1 breed, 75%
-elbow dysplasia 
-heart disease 
-entropion and ectropion
-dry eye 
-skin fold pyoderma 
-screw tail infection 
-inverted tail
48
Q

Shar-pei

A 
Non-sporting 
China
Guard dog, hunting, dog fighting 
Pigmented tongue 
Coat can irritate people 
Aggressive 
Health:
-severe entropion!!!!
-ear infections (folded ear)
-pyoderma 
-skin allergies 
-stenotic nares
-elongated soft palate
-hip and elbow dysplasia
-familial shar-pei fever (FSF)
--swollen joints-- renal failure
49
Q

Chow chow

A 
Non-sporting 
China, Mongolia
-one of oldest dog breeds from wolves
Guard dog, herding, hunting, food
Pigmented tongue
Dominance aggression 
Health:
-hip and elbow dysplasia 
--#1 for elbow
-luxating patella 
--#2 breed
-cruciate ligament tears
-entropion 
-cataracts 
-glaucoma 
-elongated soft palate 
-GDV
-skin allergies 
-skin pyoderma 
-heat stroke
50
Q

Dalmation

A 
Non-sporting 
Dalmatia of Croatia 
Carriage dog, hunting, guard dog
All puppies are born white and get spots within the first month 
Health:
-urinary stones especially in males
-deafness (inherited)
--1/3 are born deaf
-skin allergies
-skin pyoderma 
-sun burn 
-skin cancer 
Hypothyroidism
51
Q

Standard poodle

A 
Non-sporting 
Germany
1400's
Water retriever, truffle hunter
Good breed for people with allergies 
Health:
-cataracts
-corneal ulcers
-glaucoma 
-cancer
--Squamous cell carcinoma 
-skin allergies 
-skin pyoderma
-ear infections (hair canals)
-addisons disease
-hypothyroidism 
-GDV
52
Q

Herding

A

Classification in 1983
-originally part of the working group
Instinctive ability to control movements of animals
Intelligent and train well
Must be well stimulates and exercises of not used as a working dog

53
Q

Collie

A 
Herding 
Scotland
Herding sheep
Rough and smooth coat
Health:
-collie eye anomaly (CEA)
--majority carry it
-cataracts 
-skin allergies 
-pyoderma 
-GDV
-sensitivity to ivermectin 
--heart guard
-epilepsy
-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
54
Q

German shepherd

A 
Herding
Germany
1900's
Herding sheep, guard dog, police dog
Requires exercise and training 
Health:
-hip and elbow dysplasia 
-osteochondritis (inflammation of cartilage and bone)
-GDV
-skin allergies 
-pyoderma 
-cardiomyopathy 
-IBD
55
Q

Welsh corgi

A 
Herding
Wales
Herding cattle 
*Cardigan welsh corgi
-have tail
*Pembroke welsh corgi
-shorter smaller and have no tail
Health:
-IVDD
-hip dysplasia 
-progressive retinal atrophy
56
Q

Miscellaneous

A

Not officially recognized by akc

Ex. Bullmastiff

VTA 150 (4 decks)

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