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doc father rem Flashcards

1
Q

other term for fecal exam

A
  • fecalysis
  • coproscopic exam
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2
Q

scoring system

A
  1. Waltham (1-5; hard to soft)
  2. Veal (0-3; hard to soft)
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3
Q

factors that may affect fecal exam

A
  1. amount
  2. age of sample
  3. sample handling (collection, storage, transpo)
  4. examination method
  5. skill
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4
Q

required g of fecal sample

A

5-10 g (thumb-size)

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5
Q

if fecal sample needs to be refrigerated, what temp?

A

3-5C
- do not freeze because it can distort parasite eggs
- should be examined w/in 7 days of collection

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6
Q

T/F: fecal sample can be preserved using 5-10% formalin

A

T

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7
Q

qualitative fecal exam

A
  • dfs
  • flotation
  • sedimentation
  • larval recovery
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8
Q

quantitative fecal exam

A
  • stoll-ova counting technique
  • McMaster egg-counting technique
  • Beaver’s direct egg-counting technique
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9
Q

SG of nematode and cestode egg

A

1.10-1.20

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10
Q

SG of trematode egg

A

1.30-1.35

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11
Q

common flotation sol’ns

A
  1. NaCl
    - common helminths
    - protozoan ova and cysts
  2. Sheather’s
    - common helminths
    - protozoan (esp. Cryptosporidium oocysts)
  3. Sodium nitrate
    - common helminths
    - protozoan ova and cysts
  4. zinc sulfate
    - common helminths (esp. Giardia)
    - protozoan (esp. lungworm larvae)
  5. magnesium sulfate
    - common helminths
    - protozoan
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12
Q

T/F: if flukes are suspected, sedimentation is advised

A

T

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13
Q

T/F: NaCl, sodium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate distort Giardia rapidly

A

T

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14
Q

type of flotation where a small amount of feces is mixed thoroughly w/ flotation solution, filling the tube w/ flotation sol’n up to the brim then a cover glass is placed on top of tube or vial and suspension is allowed to stand for 10-15 min

A

passive flotation

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15
Q

type of flotation that facilitates faster flotation and recovers more eggs and oocysts

A

centrifugation flotation

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16
Q

method of choice if trematode infxn is suspected, including Fasciola, Dicrocoelium, Paramphistomum, Schistosoma

A

sedimentation

17
Q

T/F: sedimentation’s concentration ability is higher than flotation

A

F - lower

18
Q

useful for isolation and identification of ovoviviparus nematodes and strongyles

A

Baermann technique

19
Q

other fecalysis techniques

A
  1. coproantigen tests - detects Ag
  2. Ab detection test for Ostertagia and F. hepatica
  3. plasma pepsinogen test - diagnosis of abomasal or stomach damage due to trichostrongyles
  4. PCR
20
Q

T/F: thick smears are more concentrated and offer higher sensitivity than thin smear, but morphological ID may be difficult

A

T

21
Q

T/F: capillary blood sample (ear tip) is more useful when looking for Babesia

A

T

22
Q

stains that are more preferred for examining protozoan and rickettsiae

A
  • Romanowsky (Wright and Giemsa)
23
Q

T/F: D. immitis is motile but stays in same place

A

T

24
Q

T/F: Acanthocheilonema is highly motile, swimming thru the blood

A

T

25
Q

T/F: D. immitis and Acanthocheilonema are sheathed; tail is tapered and w/ cephalic space

A

F - Brugia
(D. immitis and Acanthocheilonema do not have sheath; body is curved w/ hooked posterior end)

26
Q

T/F: normally, primers are composed of 18-30 bp

A

T

27
Q

it can amplify target DNA to 10^9 copies in 1 hr or less under isothermal conditions (60-65C)

A

LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification)

28
Q

T/F: LAMP utilizes a set of 4-6 primers that recognize a total 0f 6 distinct sequences on the target DNA

A

T

29
Q

T/F: LAMP has a high sensitivity and specificity

A

T

30
Q

T/F: Compared to PCR, LAMP is simpler, more rapid, and less sophisticated

A

T

31
Q

positive indicator of LAMP (color)

A

blue or glowing (+)
violet or no glow (-)

32
Q

a combination of dye used to visualize color change and fluorescence for improved LAMP interpretation

A

HNB (hydroxynaphtol blue) and Gel green

33
Q

CFI

A

colori fluorescent indicator

34
Q

T/F: fluorescence is confirmed in real time by the machine (FAM filter)

A

T

35
Q

T/F: microscopic exam cannot identify presence of coinfxn

A

F - can

36
Q

T/F: microscopic exam has a low sensitivity in low level of infxn

A

T

37
Q

T/F: in serological assays, Abs take time to develop so past and present infxn cannot be distinguished

A

T (prone to false positive and cross-reactivity)

38
Q

T/F: multiplex PCR can detect co-infxn in a single run

A

T

39
Q

T/F: PCR is prone to false positive cases

A

F - false negative

veld (4 decks)

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