DNA vocab Flashcards
transformation
The process by which a cell takes up and incorporates exogenous DNA from its surroundings, resulting in a stable genetic change within a cell.
bacteriophage
a type of virus that specifically infects and replicates only within bacterial cells.
DNA
a molecule found inside cells that carries genetic information responsible for the development and functioning of an organism.
virus
a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
gene expression
the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins, or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
base pairing
the specific pairing of complimentary nitrogenous bases between two strands of nucleic acids.
nucleic acid
large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses, composed of nucleotides
nucleotide
The basic building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA
helix
a spiral shape, like a coiled spring, where a molecule twists around a central axis
replication
the process of making an identical copy of something, such as DNA
DNA polymerase
An enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication, essentially copying the genetic information to produce identical DNA molecules during cell division.
Telomere
A protective cap made of repeating DNA sequences found at the very ends of chromosomes.
prokaryote
single celled organism lacking a nucleus
eukaryote
a cell with a distinct nucleus
