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Virology > DNA Viruses > Flashcards

DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

PARVOVIRIDAE

Virus
Transmission
Disease

A

Virus: Parvovirus B19
Transmission: Close contact, probably respiratory, transplacental, or from blood and blood products
Disease:
- Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease [“slapped cheek” rash],

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2
Q

only known human parvovirus (one serotype)

A

Parvovirus B19

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3
Q

ADENOVIRIDAE

Virus
❌Transmission
Site of latency
❌ Disease
- URT
- LRT
- GIT
- GUT
Diagnosis

A

Virus: Human Adenovirus
Transmission: Respiratory, fecal-oral, and direct contact (eye)
Site of latency: Replication in oropharynx
Disease :
URT: Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, coryza (serotype 3, 7, 8, 19, 37)
LRT : bronchitis, atypical pneumonia (serotype 14):
GIT: acute gastroenteritis (infantile diarrhea) [serotype: 40, 41]
GUT: acute hemorrhagic cystitis (serotype: 7, 11,21)
Diagnosis: Cell culture (HEp-2) [Cowdry type B intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies], EIA for gastroenteritis (40-41), PCR

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4
Q

HPV types 1 to 100+ (as determined by genotype; types defined by DNA homology, tissue tropism, and association with oncogenesis)

A

Papillomavirus

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5
Q

SV40, JC virus, BK virus, KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)

A

Polyomavirus

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6
Q

PAPILLOMAVIRUSES

Virus
Transmission
Site of latency
Disease
Diagnosis

A

Virus: Human Papilloma Virus
Transmission: Direct contact, sexual contact for genital warts
Site of latency: Epithelial tissue (Infect squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuole (koilocytes)
Disease: Skin and Genital warts, benign head and neck tumors, anogenital warts
Diagnosis: Cytology, DNA probes, HPV antigen

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7
Q

Types of HPV

Skin and plantar warts, verruca vulgaris

A

HPV 1, 2, 4, 7

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8
Q

Types of HPV

Genital warts (Condyloma acuminata)
Respiratory tract papillomas
Most common viral STD

A

HPV 6 and 11

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9
Q

Types of HPV

Carcinoma of the cervix, vulva, penis, anus

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

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10
Q

POLYOMAVIRUSES

Virus

Site of latency
Disease
Diagnosis

A

Virus: Polyomavirus (BK and JC viruses infect humans)

Site of latency: kidney
Disease:
1. JCV: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS
2. BKV: hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with solid organ (kidney) and bone marrow transplants
Diagnosis: JC virus by PCR (CSF and urine) or EM (brain tissue); BK virus by PCR or cytology of urine (decoy cells)

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11
Q

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)

Virus
Transmission
Site of latency
Disease
Diagnosis

A

Virus: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2)

Transmission: Direct contact with infected secretions
HSV 1: saliva or direct.
HSV 2: sexual or transvaginal

Site of latency: Sensory nerve ganglia (neuron)
[HSV 1: Trigeminal ganglia]
[HSV 2: Lumbosacral ganglia]

Disease: Vesicle filled with virus particles and cell debris

Diagnosis: Tzanck smear (multinucleated giant cell), Cowdry type A, Cell culture (HDF, others), EIA, FA stain, PCR (CSF herpes encephalitis)

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12
Q

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

Virus
Site of latency:
Disease
Diagnosis❌
Prevention ❌

A

Virus: Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)
Site of latency: Dorsal root ganglia
Disease: Chicken pox (varicella); shingles (herpes zoster); Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus), congenital varicella
Diagnosis: FA stain, cell culture (HDF), shell vial culture, PCR
Prevention: vaccine (VZIG and live attenuated (Oka strain))

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13
Q

Vesicular rash (‘dewdrop on a rose petal appearance’) that begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities (centrifugal) with lesions of different stages

A

Varicella/Chicken Pox

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14
Q

Complications: Pneumonia, Encephalitis, Reye’s syndrome,
Cerebellar ataxia, secondary bacterial infection

A

Varicella/Chicken Pox

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15
Q

Unilateral painful vesicular eruption with a dermatomal distribution (thoracic and lumbar)

A

Herpes Zoster/Shingles

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16
Q

Debilitating pain (postherpetic neuralgia) ≥ most common complication

A

Herpes Zoster/Shingles

17
Q

Reactivation of latent VZV residing within geniculate ganglion

A

RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME / HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS

18
Q

A triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain, and vesicles on the face, on the ear, or in the ear is the typical presentation.

A

RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME / HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS

19
Q

Fetuses infected at 6-12 weeks’ AOG: maximal interruption with limb development (short and malformed limbs covered with cicatrix - skin lesion with zigzag scarring associated with atrophy of the affected limb)

Fetuses infected at 16-20 weeks’ AOG: eye and brain involvement

A

CONGENITAL VARICELLA

20
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Transmission
Site of latency
Disease
Diagnosis

A

Transmission: close contact with infected secretions, blood transfusion (WBCs), organ transplants, transplacental
Site of latency: WBCs, endothelial cells, cells in a variety of organs
Disease: asymptomatic infections, congenital disease of newborn, systemic infection of immunocompromised host, and heterophile negative IM
Diagnosis: Cell culture (HDF), shell vial culture, CMV antigenemia, FA stain, PCR, negative heterophil test, Giant cells with “owl’s-eye” nuclear inclusion

21
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) / HHV-4

Transmission
Site of latency
Disease
Oncogenic
Diagnosis

A

Transmission: close contact with infected saliva
Site of latency: B lymphocytes (C3d complement)
Disease: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) [“Kissing disease”], progressive lymphoreticular disease, oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected patients .
Oncogenic: Burkitt’s Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Diagnosis: Serology, PCR, Hematologic reports (Downey cells)

22
Q

Heterophil-Positive:

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

23
Q

Heterophil-Negative

A

Cytomegalovirus

24
Q

Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV 7)

Transmission
Site of latency
Disease

A

Transmission: close contact via respiratory route (saliva); almost all children infected by age 2-3 years
Site of latency: T lymphocytes (CD4 cells)
Disease: Roseola (roseola infantum/exanthem subitum/6th disease)

25
Q

Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8)

Site of latency:
Disease

A

Site of latency: viral genome found in Kaposi’s sarcoma tumor cells, endothelial cells, and tumor- infiltrating leukocytes

Disease: Kaposi’s sarcoma

26
Q

POXVIRIDAE

Virus:
Characteristics
Transmission
Disease

A

Virus: Smallpox (variola) and molluscum contagiosum
Characteristics: largest and most complex of all viruses; brick- shaped virion
Transmission: Respiratory droplets (smallpox); direct contact (molluscum)
,Disease: all diseases of the skin ; smallpox and molluscum contagiosum

27
Q

is generalized infection with pustular rash

A

smallpox

28
Q

manifest benign nodules of skin.

A

molluscum contagiosum

29
Q

Only disease that has been eradicated from the face of the earth

A

SMALLPOX

30
Q

Prodome of fever and malaise followed by centrifugal rash

A

SMALLPOX

31
Q

HP of Smallpox

A

Guarnieri bodies: intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions

32
Q

flesh-colored dome-shaped papules with central umbilication

A

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

33
Q

HP of MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

A

Henderson-Patterson bodies: intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions

Virology (5 decks)

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