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VIROLOGY > DNA VIRUSES 🦠 > Flashcards

DNA VIRUSES 🦠 Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest DNA virus; the only DNA virus that is single-stranded

A

PARVOVIRIDAE

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2
Q

Naked icosahedral
Single-stranded linear DNA virus (negative stranded)
One serotype

A

Parvovirus B-19

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3
Q

Parvovirus B-19 transmission

A

Respiratory Droplets
Transplacental

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4
Q

-ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM (FIFTH DISEASE)
-affects children between the ages of 4 to 12
-bright red cheek rash (“Slapped cheek”) with fever, coryza, and sore

A

Parvovirus B-19

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5
Q

Aplastic crisis
-Transient but severe aplastic anemia in children with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or spherocytosis
-occurs when the virus stops the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

A

Parvovirus B19

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6
Q

First trimester: Fetal death
î Second trimester: Hydrops Fetalis

ARTHRITIS
î Immune-complex arthritis of small joints

Chronic B-19 infection
î pancytopenia in immunodeficient patient

A

Parvovirus B-19

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7
Q

RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death, in adults leads to pure RBC aplasia and rheumatoid arthritis–like symptoms

A

Parvovirus B19

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8
Q

Illness is self-limited
I.V. immunoglobulin can be used with aplastic crisis

A

Parvovirus B19

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9
Q

-Naked icosahedral Double-stranded linear DNA 41 serotypes
-Only virus with fiber

A

Adenovirus

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10
Q

URT: Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, coryza
LRT: bronchitis, atypical pneumonia
GIT: acute gastroenteritis
GUT: acute hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Adenovirus

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11
Q

Adenovirus transmission

A

Aerosol droplet
Fecal-oral
Direct contact

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12
Q

Cowdry type B intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

The second smallest DNA virus

A

PAPOVAVIRIDAE

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14
Q

Human Papillomavirus transmission

A

Direct contact
Sexually

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15
Q
  • Infect squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuole (koilocytes)
  • Genes E6 and E7: encode proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes. E6 inhibits p53; E7 inhibits Rb
  • Genes E1 and E2: promote viral DNA replication
A

Human Papillomavirus

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16
Q

Skin and plantar warts, verruca vulgaris

A

HPV 1, 2, 4, 7

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17
Q

-Genital warts (condyloma acuminata)
-Respiratory tract papillomas
-Most common viral STD

A

HPV 6 and 11

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18
Q

Carcinoma of the cervix, vulva, penis, anus

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

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19
Q

Genital warts: Podophyllin
Skin warts: Liquid nitrogen
Plantar warts: Salicylic acid

PREVENTION:
Vaccine for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 for females 9-26 years old

A

Good to know

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20
Q

Koilocytes: small, round, deeply basophilic nuclei surrounded by a clear halo and pale-staining cytoplasm

A

Human Papillomavirus

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21
Q

JC Polyoma Virus (John Cunningham virus) morphology

A

Naked icosahedral
Double-stranded circular DNA

22
Q

-Only causes disease in immunocompromised hosts
- Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS
-Demyelinating disease that affects the oligodendrocytes characterized by deficits in speech, coordination, and memory

A

JC Polyoma Virus (John Cunningham virus)

23
Q

JC:

A

Junky Cerebrum

24
Q

BK Polyoma Virus morphology

A

Naked icosahedral
Double-stranded circular DNA

25
Q

-causes disease in immunocompromised hosts
- causes hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with solid organ (kidney) and bone marrow transplants

A

BK Polyoma Virus

26
Q

blood test or a urine test for decoy cells
Biopsy of the kidneys PCR techniques

A

BK Polyoma Virus
BK: Bladder, Kidney

27
Q

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) morphology

A

Enveloped icosahedral Double-stranded linear DNA

28
Q

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) MOT

A

HSV 1: saliva or direct
HSV 2: sexual or transvaginal

29
Q

Gingivostomatitis
Herpes labialis (lips)
Keratoconjunctivitis
Temporal lobe encephalitis
Herpetic whitlow (fingers)
Herpes gladiatorum (trunk)

A

HSV-1 (HHV-1)

30
Q

HSV-1 (HHV-1) Site of Latency

A

Trigeminal ganglia

31
Q

HSV-2 (HHV-2) Site of Latency

A

Lumbosacral ganglia

32
Q

Genital herpes
Neonatal herpes (TORCH) Aseptic meningitis

A

HSV-2 (HHV-2)

33
Q

Tzanck smear: multinucleated giant cells

A

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)

34
Q

Large, pink to purple Cowdry Type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions

A

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)

35
Q

Acyclovir
- Shortens duration of the lesions
- Reduces the extent of shedding of the virus
- No effect on the latent state

A

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV)

36
Q

is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis in the USA

A

HSV-1

37
Q

Herpes principal target area of the virus

A

Temporal lobe

38
Q

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3 morphology

A

Enveloped icosahedral Double-stranded linear DNA

39
Q

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3 MOT

A

-Airborne-droplet
-Direct contact with the lesions

40
Q
  • Infects the URT, then spreads via the blood to the skin
  • Becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglia, which may reactivate as zoster
A

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

41
Q

-Incubation period: 14-21 days
-Period of communicability: 48 hours before vesicle formation and 4-5 days after until all vesicles are crusted

A

VARICELLA / CHICKEN POX Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

42
Q

-Vesicular rash (‘dewdrop on a rose petal appearance’) that begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities (centrifugal) with lesions of different stages

A

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

43
Q

Complications: Pneumonia, Encephalitis, Reye’s syndrome, Cerebellar ataxia, secondary bacterial infectio

A

VARICELLA / CHICKEN POX

44
Q

-Unilateral painful vesicular eruption with a dermatomal distribution (thoracic and lumbar)
-Debilitating pain (postherpetic neuralgia) à most common complication

A

HERPES ZOSTER / SHINGLES

45
Q

-Reactivation of latent VZV residing within geniculate ganglion
-A triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain, and vesicles on the face, on the ear, or in the ear is the typical presentation.

A

RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME / HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS

46
Q

-Fetuses infected at 6-12 weeks’ AOG: maximal interruption with limb development (short and malformed limbs covered with cicatrix – skin lesion with zigzag scarring associated with atrophy of the affected limb)
-Fetuses infected at 16-20 weeks’ AOG: eye and brain involvement

A

CONGENITAL VARICELLA

47
Q

multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions.Large, pink to purple Cowdry Type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions

A

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

48
Q

: multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions. Large, pink to purple Cowdry Type A eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions

A

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

49
Q

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

  • Shortens duration of the lesions
  • Most effective if given within 24 hours of the onset of rash
A

Acyclovir

50
Q

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome: treatment

A

Valacyclovir
Prednisone

51
Q

POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS: Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) / HHV-3

A

Active vaccine can be given within 5 days of exposure to modify course

Anti-VZV Ig: given within 96h after exposure; for pregnant, newborns exposed to maternal varicella, and immunocompromised

52
Q

USES OF ASPIRIN IN PEDIATRIC DISEASES:

A
  • Kawasaki
  • ARF
  • JRA

VIROLOGY (2 decks)

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