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Biology > DNA UNIT 2 > Flashcards

DNA UNIT 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Each nucleotide is made from which type of sugar

A

Pentose (with 5 carbon atoms)

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1
Q

How is DNA replicated

A

Semi-conservative method

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2
Q

DNA nucleotides join together to form…..

A

Polynucleotide strands

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3
Q

What join to form polynucleotide strands

A

2 nucleotides

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4
Q

2 polynucleotide strands join together to form…..

A

A double helix

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5
Q

The nucleotides join up between…..

A

The phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone

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6
Q

How is a sugar-phosphate backbone created

A

Nucleotides join between the phosphate group of one and the sugar of another

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7
Q

How do polynucleotide strands join together

A

By hydrogen bonds between the bases

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8
Q

Where do the hydrogen bonds in the polynucleotide strands form

A

Between the bases

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9
Q

What is specific bases pairing

A

Each base can only join with one particular partner

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10
Q

What are genes

A

They are sections of DNA. They code for proteins as they contain the instructions to make them

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11
Q

Proteins are….

A

Polypeptides, made from amino acids

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12
Q

Different proteins have a different…..

A

Number and order of amino acids

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13
Q

What does the order of nucleotide bases in a gene determine

A

The order of amino acids in a particular protein

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14
Q

Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of…

A

Three bases (triplet code) in a gene

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15
Q

Why does DNA copy itself before cell division

A

So that each new cell has the full amount of DNA

16
Q

What does degenerate mean

A

Different bases can code for the same amino acid

17
Q

Why do eukaryotes have longer DNA than prokaryotes

A

They are more complex so require a longer DNA base sequence

18
Q

What is the function of the DNA bases

A

To provide sequence of amino acids

19
Q

How does chiasmata occur

A

Chromosomes in each homologous pair twist around each other, crossing over many times.The chromatids break and rejoin to chromatid on sister chromosome

20
Q

A DNA sequence has a specific number of bases. Why might there be more bases than this number?

A

Introns present

Addition of bases through mutations

21
Q

What happens in meiosis 1

A

The chromosomes arrange themselves into homologous pairs, which then separate, halving the chromosome number

22
Q

What happens in meiosis 2

A

The pairs of sister chromatids are separated. 4 genetically different haploid cells are produced

23
Q

What are chromatids

A

2 copies of each chromosome

24
Q

What is the role of the centromere

A

Holds chromatids together

Attaches to spindle

Allows chromatids to be separated

25
Q

Homologous chromosomes carry the same gene but are not genetically identical. why

A

Carry different alleles

Biology (13 decks)

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