DNA, tRNA, mRNA Flashcards
What are the three different types of molecules that make up nucleotides?
a. Deoxyribose Sugar or ribose
b. Phosphate Bases
c. Nitrogen Bases
What is DNA replication and when does it take place in the cell life cycle?
DNA replication is when a segment of DNA copies itself. A cell will divide itself and replicate it exactly.
Describe the types of molecules that make up the side portion of both DNA and RNA.
The types of molecules that make up the side portion of both DNA and RNA are deoxyribose and ribose sugars also phosphate groups.
Specifically which location do phosphates attach to the nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) side chain?
Phosphates attach to the nucleic acid side chain to the deoxyribose and ribose sugars.
What are the four bases in DNA, what matches together or complementary, and where does it attach to the sugar?
The four bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, genuine, cytosine. A matches to T and C matches to G. It attaches to the sugar with the hydrogen bonds
Why do complementary bases attach to one another?
Complementary bases attach to one another because it allows DNA to replicate itself accurately.
Who were the two scientists that finalized DNA structure?
Two scientists that finalized the DNA structure were James Watson and Francis Crick.
How do scientist’s best describe the design and shape of a DNA molecule?
Scientists best describe the design and shape of a DNA molecule as a double helix or twisted ladder.
How is RNA different from DNA in structure?
RNA is different then DNA in structure because RNA is single stranded while DNA is a double helix.
Exactly where in the cell would DNA, mRNA and tRNA be found?
DNA and mRNA can be found in the nucleus. The tRNA and the mRNA can be found in the ribosome. mRNA can be found in both since it transfers the message outside of the nucleus and into the ribosome
Describe RNA transcription.
RNA transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.
What is RNA translation?
RNA translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the name of the bond that connects amino acids together?
The name of the bond that connects amino acids together is called peptide bonds.
What is the name of the molecule after several amino acids are connected together?
The name of the molecule after several amino acids are connected together is called a polypeptide or a protein molecule.
What is the name of the organelle in the cell responsible for protein production?
The name of the organelle in the cell responsible for protein production is called ribosomes.
How does the m in mRNA best describe its function?
The m in mRNA best describes its function because it sends a message to the tRNA with the coded DNA.
How does the t in tRNA best describe its function?
The t in tRNA best describes its function because the t stands for translation and tRNA translates the message sent by the mRNA.
How many bases code for an amino acid? (tRNA)
The amount of bases that code for an amino acid is three.
What does DNA do?
DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and replication of cells of an organism
What is DNA full name?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is deoxyribonucleic acid made out of?
Nitrogen bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
Why is the nucleus called the control center of the cell?
Holds the DNA/ blueprints of the cell. It is very sqfe inside there.
What are chromosomes?
Made of genes inside of the nucleus.
What are genes?
Genes are basic physical and functional units of heredity. It’s a segment of a chromosome or a piece of DNA that codes for a trait
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix or a twisted ladder
What are the rungs if the ladder made out of?
Nitrogen bases
What are the sides of the ladder made out of?
Alternating sugars - deoxyribose
Phosphate groups (phosphate on the outside)
How do the bases bond together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds which are very weak. The bases are like pieces of a puzzle and fit together
What do proteins do for your body?
They build and repair soft body tissues and muscles. They also make hormones and enzymes
What does DNA store?
Genetic instructions
How many chromosomes does the body have?
46 (half from mom, half from dad)
What eventually makes protein?
Nucleic acid
What is a nucleotide?
They make up DNA
With:
1 phosphate
1 sugar (deoxyribose)
1 nitrogen base (A, T, C, G)
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
RNA only has one strand
The sugar is different l the sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose
Doesn’t have thymine, RNA has uracil (U)
What is DNA replication?
The process of copying DNA is called replication. The process conserves one of the original strand. When the DNA is ready to copy, the molecule “unzips” and new nucleotides are added to each side.
Backbone
Side of the ladder
If there is 30% guanine in DNA, how much cytosine?
30%
DNA has 60% cytosine, what percentage would be adenine?
Anything between 0 and 40%
Where do we get amino acids from?
By eating
Ex: chicken is made of protein and protein is made of amino acids.
How would you tell apart say chicken and beef?
Texture, taste, visually. Brown meat and white meat.
What is the product of transcription?
The product of transcription is RNA, which can be encountered in the form mRNA, tRNA or rRNA while the product of translation is a polypeptide amino acid chain, which forms a protein
