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life sciences > DNA: The Code of Life (P2 - 18%) > Flashcards

DNA: The Code of Life (P2 - 18%) Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

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2
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid.

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3
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Nucleotides.

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4
Q

What are nucleotides made up of?

3 things

A
  • Phosphate
  • Deoxyribose sugar (sugar portion)
  • Nitrogenous base
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5
Q

Where is DNA found?

3 places

A
  • Nucleus: Nuclear DNA
  • Mitochondria: Mitochondrial DNA
  • Chloroplasts: Chloroplastic DNA
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6
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
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7
Q

What are nitrogenous bases held together with?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds.

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8
Q

What structure/shape is a DNA molecule?

A

It is a ladder-like structure that twists and forms a double helix.

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9
Q

What does DNA contain?

2 things

A

DNA contains:

1) information that determines inherited characteristics
2) it has the code for making proteins

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10
Q

What is the function of DNA?

2 things

A

1) Nuclear DNA controls synthesis of proteins. Since enzymes are proteins it also controls the synthesis of enzymes.
2) Nuclear DNA transmits hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring.

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11
Q

What are genes?

A

Genes are small sections of DNA that carry genetic code for formation of particular characteristics of particular proteins.

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12
Q

What is non-coding DNA?

A

These are sections of DNA that that don’t carry any codes.

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13
Q

Where is RNA found?

3 things

A
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): in ribosomes in the cytoplasm of cells.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA): in nucleus but moves out and attaches to ribosomes.
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA): in the cytoplasm.
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14
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Uracil
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16
Q

List five differences between DNA and RNA.

A 
DNA
In nucleus only
Long molecule
Double stranded molecule
Sugar - deoxyribose
Nitrogenous base - Thymine
RNA
In nucleus and cytoplasm
Short molecule
Single stranded molecule
Sugar - ribose
Nitrogenous base - Uracil

life sciences (9 decks)

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