DNA- The Code Of Life

Question 1

Chromatin

Answer 1

Chromosomal material made up of DNA, RNA and HISTONE proteins as found in a non-dividing cell

Question 2

Extracellular DNA

Answer 2

Small amounts of DNA found in mitochondria of plants and animals, and chloroplasts in plants

Question 3

Purines

Answer 3

Two fused rings of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 4

Pyrimidines

Answer 4

Made up of one ring of similar atoms ( much smaller than purines)

Question 5

Exons

Answer 5

Protein-coding regions of a DNA molecule

Question 6

Introns

Answer 6

Non- coding regions that interrupt exodus

Question 7

Replication

Answer 7

The process of making a new DNA molecule from an existing DNA molecule that is identical to the original molecule

Question 8

Histone

Answer 8

Protein

Question 9

Marker

Answer 9

(Result of occasional mutation)

Site where one nucleotide is replaced by another as a result of mutation

Question 10

Matrilineage

Answer 10

Female lineage

Question 11

CRS

Answer 11

( Cambridge reference system)

A source of information of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) commonly found in people of European descent

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

The process by which DNA makes and codes RNA

Question 13

Codon

Answer 13

‘Code word’ consisting of three nitrogenous bases which mRNA carries from the nucleus to the ribosomes, which determine which protein is made

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

The process by which a specific protein is formed from a chain of amino acids due to the sequence of codons in the mRNA, which in turn, was coded by DNA

Question 15

Antibiotics

Answer 15

Pharmalogical drugs produced to counteract bacterial infections

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

Any alteration in the genetic code of an organism

Question 17

Mutagen

Answer 17

Physical or chemical agents that induce and speed up mutations in DNA

Question 18

Gene mutations

Answer 18

Small, localised mutations in the structure of DNA strands

Question 19

Point mutations

Answer 19

Changes that involve a single nucleotide

Question 20

DNA profile

Answer 20

An individual’s unique DNA fragments, separated by electrophoresis

Question 21

PCR

Answer 21

Polymerase chain reaction

A laboratory technique used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA

Question 22

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 22

a method to separate large molecules mainly on the basis of size and electrical charge

Question 23

Forensics

Answer 23

The use of scientific technologies to investigate a crime

Question 24

Precipitate

Answer 24

Solid material that comes out of a solution due to a chemical or physical change

Question 25

STR

Answer 25

Short tandem repeats

Found in interons