DNA Study Guide

Question 1

Two things that tRNA carries

Answer 1

anticodon + an amino acid

Question 2

In RNA, uracil replaces this base and pairs with adenine

Answer 2

Thymine

Question 3

The type of bonds which holds the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of another nucleotide

Answer 3

covalent bond

Question 4

The backbone of DNA and RNA consists of these 2 subparts of nucleotides

Answer 4

Sugar and phosphate group

Question 5

One strand of DNA is held together to the other stand (because DNA is double stranded) by this type of bond

Answer 5

Hydrogen bond

Question 6

UV Rays, X-rays, cosmic rays and nuclear reactors are all examples of this type of mutagen

Answer 6

Radiation mutagens

Question 7

Cigarette smoke, pesticides, PCB’s and specific pollutants are all examples of this type of mutagen

Answer 7

Chemical mutagens

Question 8

This is what the tRNA brings to the ribosome in order for it to match to a particular codon of the mRNA

Answer 8

Anticodon

Question 9

Each amino acid is “coded for” by this (which consists of 3 bases on mRNA)

Answer 9

Codon

Question 10

This is the general name of any environmental factor which causes mutations in the DNA of an organism

Answer 10

Mutagens

Question 11

This is what is produced during transcription and is made up of bases which are complementary to the DNA template strand

Answer 11

mRNA

Question 12

proteins are made during protein synthesis (a.k.a. translation) and this process occurs on this cell organelle

Answer 12

ribosomes

Question 13

this group of nitrogenous bases contain only 1 ring

Answer 13

pyrimidines

Question 14

this group of nitrogenous bases contain 2 rings

Answer 14

purines

Question 15

In DNA thymine always pairs with his base

Answer 15

Adenine

Question 16

In DNA and RNA, cytosine always pairs with this base

Answer 16

guanine

Question 17

The purines consist of these bases

Answer 17

A and G

Question 18

The pyrimidines consist of these bases

Answer 18

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 19

These are made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

Answer 19

nucleotide

Question 20

This is what happens whenever there is a change in the bases (nucleotides) in DNA

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

This type of nucleic acid is single stranded, has the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil

Answer 21

RNA

Question 22

This type of nucleic acid is double stranded, has the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogenous base thymine

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

Ribosomes are made up of these 2 parts

Answer 23

rRNA and Protein

Question 24

Initiation, elongation and termination are all part of this process

Answer 24

translation

Question 25

DNA carries the genetic code which can also be called this (since every 3 bases will code for one amino acid)

Answer 25

Triplet code

Question 26

This term refers to DNA replication because each new DNA strand consists of one old DNA stand and one new DNA stand

Answer 26

Semi - conservative

Question 27

This is what results when you insert DNA from one species in the DNA of another species

Answer 27

Recombinant DNA

Question 28

This is the name of the structures in which multiple ribosomes work together to translate the same mRNA stand

Answer 28

polyribosomes