DNA Study Guide Flashcards
Two things that tRNA carries
anticodon + an amino acid
In RNA, uracil replaces this base and pairs with adenine
Thymine
The type of bonds which holds the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of another nucleotide
covalent bond
The backbone of DNA and RNA consists of these 2 subparts of nucleotides
Sugar and phosphate group
One strand of DNA is held together to the other stand (because DNA is double stranded) by this type of bond
Hydrogen bond
UV Rays, X-rays, cosmic rays and nuclear reactors are all examples of this type of mutagen
Radiation mutagens
Cigarette smoke, pesticides, PCB’s and specific pollutants are all examples of this type of mutagen
Chemical mutagens
This is what the tRNA brings to the ribosome in order for it to match to a particular codon of the mRNA
Anticodon
Each amino acid is “coded for” by this (which consists of 3 bases on mRNA)
Codon
This is the general name of any environmental factor which causes mutations in the DNA of an organism
Mutagens
This is what is produced during transcription and is made up of bases which are complementary to the DNA template strand
mRNA
proteins are made during protein synthesis (a.k.a. translation) and this process occurs on this cell organelle
ribosomes
this group of nitrogenous bases contain only 1 ring
pyrimidines
this group of nitrogenous bases contain 2 rings
purines
In DNA thymine always pairs with his base
Adenine
In DNA and RNA, cytosine always pairs with this base
guanine
The purines consist of these bases
A and G
The pyrimidines consist of these bases
Cytosine, thymine, uracil
These are made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
nucleotide
This is what happens whenever there is a change in the bases (nucleotides) in DNA
Mutation
This type of nucleic acid is single stranded, has the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil
RNA
This type of nucleic acid is double stranded, has the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogenous base thymine
DNA
Ribosomes are made up of these 2 parts
rRNA and Protein
Initiation, elongation and termination are all part of this process
translation
DNA carries the genetic code which can also be called this (since every 3 bases will code for one amino acid)
Triplet code
This term refers to DNA replication because each new DNA strand consists of one old DNA stand and one new DNA stand
Semi - conservative
This is what results when you insert DNA from one species in the DNA of another species
Recombinant DNA
This is the name of the structures in which multiple ribosomes work together to translate the same mRNA stand
polyribosomes
