DNA structure, DNA replication, Transcription, Translation, Mutations Flashcards
Based on Griffith’s experiment, mice lived when:
Injected with heat killed S strain cell components of S. pneumoniae
Injected with live R + live S strains of S. pneumoniae
Injected with heat killed R strain cell components + live S strain of S. pneumoniae
Injected with live S strain of S. pneumoniae
Injected with heat killed S strain cell components of S. pneumoniae
Based on Chargaff’s rule, if a dsDNA has 40%As then the DNA should have______Cs.
5% 10% 40% 20% 50%
10%
In the Hershey and Chase experiment 35S labeled bacteriophages were found in _______, while 32P labeled bacteriophages were found in__________.
nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) supernatant, supernatant pellet, supernatant supernatant, pellet pellet, pellet
supernatant, pellet
The elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication__________
is carried out by DNA polymerase III produces Okazaki fragments progresses away from the replication fork occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction All options are true.
is carried out by DNA polymerase III
Primases are enzymes that synthesize primers for DNA replication in cells. Which of the following sequences could potentially serve as a primer to replicate the DNA sequence below (in cells)?
5’-ATCGGAACATTACG-3’
3’-AUCATA-3’ 5’-CCTTGT-3’ 3’-UUGUAA-5’ 5’-TTTTTT-3’ All options are correct
3’-UUGUAA-5’
Think back to Hershey and Chase experiment using 32P and 35S labeled bacteriophages. Hypothetically, if they would have found 35S labeled bacteriophages in the pellet, then they would have concluded that:
Protein was the genetic material RNA was the genetic material DNA was the genetic material Carbohydrates were the genetic material Lipids were the genetic material
Protein was the genetic material
Which of the following is TRUE for both Prokaryotic DNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase?
Both enzymes need a primer to add nucleotides to
Both enzymes make a new strand of RNA in 3’ to 5’ direction
Both enzymes add new nucleotides in 5’ to 3’ direction
Both enzymes form peptide bonds to make new polymers
Both enzymes are used in transcription
Both enzymes add new nucleotides in 5’ to 3’ direction
What is the correct order of use of enzymes/proteins in DNA replication?
a) SSB
b) Helicase
c) Primase
d) DNA pol I
e) DNA pol III
f) DNA Ligase
A B D C E F
B A C E D F
A B C D E F
B A C D E F
B A C E D F
Which statement below about pre-mRNAs and mRNAs is TRUE?
pre-mRNA has introns and exons, while mature mRNA has only exons
there is no difference between pre-RNA and mature mRNA
pre-mRNA is in Prokaryotes, while mRNA is in Eukaryotes
pre-mRNA is made using DNA polymerases while mRNA is made using RNA polymerase
pre-mRNA has a 5’ cap and a 3’ poly A tail, while mature mRNA does not
pre-mRNA has introns and exons, while mature mRNA has only exons
What is a role of the ER signal sequence (peptide) in protein transport in a cell?
It is used to help proteins enter the nucleus
It is used to make new proteins
It is used to help proteins enter the ER
It is used to help proteins go to Golgi from ER
It is used to mark proteins for hydrolysis
It is used to help proteins enter the ER
What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?
The leading strand requires an RNA primer, whereas the lagging strand does not.
The leading strand is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
The leading strand is synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction in a discontinuous fashion, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction in a continuous fashion.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What is the role of tRNAs in cells?
tRNAs are used in translation at ORI.
tRNAs are used in translation. They bring amino acids to be added to the polypeptide chain.
tRNAs are used in transcription. They are needed to separate the two DNA strands
tRNAs are used in transcription. They are needed to convert pre mRNA to mRNA
tRNAs are used in translation to help transport mRNA out of the nucleus
tRNAs are used in translation. They bring amino acids to be added to the polypeptide chain.
Which of the following mutations will likely be MOST harmful for protein structure/function?
silent mutation
missense mutation changing a polar amino acid to a polar amino acid
deletion of signal peptide
frameshift mutation
nonsense mutation at the end of the gene
frameshift mutation
Which of the following is a correct statement about gene expression (transcription and translation)?
In Prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm while in Eukaryotes transcription and translation occur in the nucleus
In Prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus while in Eukaryotes it occurs in the cytoplasm
In Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm
In Prokaryotes transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm while in Eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
In Prokaryotes transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm while in Eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Match function with its corresponding enzyme/protein: This enzyme helps add polyA tails
PolyA Polymerase Spliceosome Primase topoisomerase DNA Ligase DNA polymerase I
PolyA Polymerase
