Chemical bonds, organic compounds, water properties, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins Flashcards
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about glycogen and cellulose?
- We can digest glycogen but not cellulose
- Glycogen contains alpha (1-4) while cellulose contains beta (1-4) glycosidic linkages
- Glycogen and cellulose are polymers of glucose
- Glycogen helps with storage in animals while cellulose provides structure to plants
- Glycogen and cellulose form helical structures
Glycogen and cellulose form helical structures
If the pH of a solution A is 2, then the pOH is ____ and the [H+] is ____.
4, 10^(-4) 2, 10^(-14) 12, 10^(-2) 12, 10^(-12) 2, 10^(-2)
12, 10^(-2)
Please arrange the following in the correct order of the biological hierarchy arranged from lowest to highest.
oxygen, water, protein, mitochondria, cell, tissue, organism
oxygen, cell, protein, organism, tissue, cell, water, oxygen
organism, oxygen, protein, mitochondria, tissue, water, cell
protein, oxygen, water, mitochondria, tissue, cell, organism
water, cell, oxygen, protein, mitochondria, organism, tissue
oxygen, water, protein, mitochondria, cell, tissue, organism
Lipid bilayers in plasma membranes are made of phospholipids that contain fatty acid tails. How do fatty acid tails interact with each other in these bilayers?
ionic bonds hydrophobic interactions nonpolar covalent bonds polar covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds
hydrophobic interactions
When you blow-dry wet hair using heat, which bonds break?
Nonpolar covalent bonds Ionic bonds Polar covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds All bonds present will break
Hydrogen bonds
When you stir sucrose (table sugar) into water, how does it dissolve? (Note: no enzymes involved)
C-H groups in sugars form hydrogen bonds with water
O-H groups in sugars form hydrogen bonds with water
O-H groups of sugars can form non-polar covalent bonds with water
C-H groups of sugars can form polar covalent bonds with water
Sugars are hydrophobic and therefore dissolve in wate
O-H groups in sugars form hydrogen bonds with water
The bonding of fatty acids to a glycerol molecule to form a triglyceride involves…
addition of a hydroxyl group to glycerol
removal of a carboxyl group from the fatty acids
removal of a carbonyl group
release of three water molecules
addition of three water molecules
release of three water molecules
Some vegetable oils are like butter in that they are more solid at room temperature compared to other plant oils. This would suggest that…
some vegetable oils are more soluble in water compared to other plant oils
some vegetable oils contain more ionic bonds compared to other plant oils
some vegetable oils contain fewer double bonds compared to other plant oils
some vegetable oils have more hydrogen bonds compared to other plant oils
some vegetable oils contains more sodium than other plant oils
some vegetable oils contain fewer double bonds compared to other plant oils
An example of a polar covalent bond is the bond…
between water and ammonia molecules
between H and O in a water molecule (H2O)
between CH3 and CH4 molecules
between Mg+ and Cl- in MgCl2
between two Cl atoms in a molecule of Cl2
between H and O in a water molecule (H2O)
Hypothetically, if water molecules were not able to form hydrogen bonds, then we could predict that…
there will be better moderation of global temperature
there will be greater cohesion between molecules
all insects will have greater ability to walk on water
the water temperature of ponds and pools will increase more slowly when in sunlight
sweating will be a less effective means of keeping cool
sweating will be a less effective means of keeping cool
Metabolic reactions in cells release heat. Our cells however contain water which prevents cells from overheating. Hence presence of water inside our cells is extremely critical.
NAME a property of water that is responsible for maintaining temperature in cells. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN this property with reference to hydrogen bonds.
A property of water that is responsible for maintaining temperature in cells is its high specific heat. Water has a high specific heat, which means that i can absorb a lot of heat without increasing its temperature drastically. When water absorbs the heat, hydrogen bonds are broken so the molecules can move freely. Bonds break when they absorb heat and release heat when they reform, which helps moderate temperature
On reading a nutrition label of a food item online, you realize that is contains hydrogenated vegetable oils. Based on this information answer the following:
Does the process of hydrogenation produce any trans fats? PREDICT if this item will be solid or liquid at room temperature and BRIEFLY EXPLAIN your reasoning.
Yes, the process of hydrogenation can produce trans fats. This item will be a solid at room temperature because the process of hydrogenation removes the double bonds and saturates the molecule with hydrogen. Without the double bonds, the molecule is able to lay flat and compact together, forming a solid at room temperature.
When three molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) are combined by condensation synthesis, WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL FORMULA of the major product formed? BRIEFLY EXPLAIN your reasoning.
C18H32O16. This is the chemical formula of the product because there are three glucose molecules being bonded together which would be C18H36O18, but you have to subtract the 2 oxygen and 4 hydrogen from the product because there are three water molecules being released. so that leaves you with C18H32O16.
Each phosphodiester linkage includes a phosphate group joined by covalent bonds to:
Two pentose sugars Two additional phosphates Two amino acids One base at the 5' end and another at the 3' end Two nitrogenous bases
Two pentose sugars
What is NOT TRUE about a nucleotide?
The nitrogenous base of one nucleotide can form hydrogen bonds with a nitrogenous base of a complementary nucleotide
It is a monomer found in DNA
It helps form secondary structure in proteins
It is made of pentose sugar, phosphate and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotides are present in RNA
It helps form secondary structure in proteins
