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Principles of `Biochemistry > DNA structure and function > Flashcards

DNA structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

Transcription and translation are the same as … the DNA

A

Reading

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2
Q

What chemical stores genetic information?

A

DNA

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3
Q

What is needed to read the information and turn it into protein

A

RNA

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4
Q

The information coded by DNA is … by RNA

A

Transcribed

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5
Q

The information in the RNA ‘message’ is .. into protein

A

Translated

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6
Q

what is a gene?

A

a continuous sequence of DNA

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7
Q

What are the 3 building blocks of DNA

A

deoxyribose sugar + phoshate + nucleobase

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8
Q

Which Watts-Crick basepairings are the strongest

A

Guanine - Cytosine

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9
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do G to C bonds make

A

3

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10
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do A to T bonds make

A

2

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11
Q

how could base composition affect the strength of a double helix?

A

Higher GC content increases temperature required for denaturation

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12
Q

name the two purines

A

adenine and guanine

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13
Q

name the two pyramidines

A

cytosine and thymine

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14
Q

RNA is mostly an ‘intermediary’or ‘messenger’molecule, true or false?

A

true

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15
Q

What are the 3 building blocks of RNA?

A

ribose sugar + phosphate + base

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16
Q

how is Uracil different from thymine?

A

Uracil doesnt have a methyl group on carbon 5

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17
Q

what makes RNA chemically much less stable than DNA?

A

the presence of the 2’-hydroxyl group (easier to hydrolyse the 3’ ribose-phosphate linkage)

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18
Q

what direction do the two polynucleotide chains run in DNA

A

antiparallel

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19
Q

what is the term for when two polynucleotides are held together by non covalent bonding in DNA?

A

Watson-Crick basepairing

20
Q

only purines and pyramidines can complement each other in DNA? T/F?

A

True

21
Q

is the inside of DNA where all the base pairs are found hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

22
Q

what does the melting temperature of DNA depend on?

A

AT/GC content, salt concentration and pH

23
Q

what is the reverse of denaturing DNA called?

A

annealing

24
Q

how many base pairs are there per full turn of a helix?

A

~10

25
Q

what formal charge does the Phosphate backbone of DNA have?

A

negative

26
Q

what direction is DNA turning if you look at the spiral from one end, like down a telescope?

A

clockwise

27
Q

what chirality is DNA

A

right handed

28
Q

In eukaryotic cells, what is the term for the acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA

A

Transfection

29
Q

what process in eukaryotes is analogous to bacterial transformation?

A

transfection

30
Q

What did the Hershey & Chase Experiment prove?

A

That RNA is the genetic material of viruses.

31
Q

What is the term for when genetic properties can be transferred from one bacterial strain to another by extracting DNA from the first strain and adding it to the second strain

A

Bacterial transformation

32
Q

What principle stipulates that DNA that is taken up by a bacterium and whose expression then changes the properties of the recipient cell.

A

transforming principle

33
Q

Which DNA strand is the one that goes upward?

A

5’-3

34
Q

Which DNA strand goes downward?

A

3’-5

35
Q

Which regions ‘melt’ first when DNA is heated

A

AT rich regions

36
Q

… is the process of copying DNA

A

Replication

37
Q

archiving of DNA is performed by

A

Chromatin

38
Q

DNA is maintained, repaired and edited by

A

Recombination

39
Q

Information is stored in the form of genes by

A

DNA

40
Q

What is needed to read the information in DNA and turn it into protein

A

RNA

41
Q

information coded by DNA is transcribed into..

A

RNA

42
Q

The information in the RNA ‘message’is translatedinto..

A

Protein

43
Q

What are the building blocks of DNA?

A

ribose sugar + phosphate + base

44
Q

What are the 5 nucleobases found in DNA and RNA

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Thymine
  3. Guanine
  4. Cytosine
  5. Uracil (lacks a methyl group, found only in RNA instead of thymine)
45
Q

What shape does DNA take?

A

Double helix

46
Q

which hydrogen bonds between nucleotides are the strongest?

A

GC bonds due to having 3 hydrogen bonds rather than 2 with AT

47
Q

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA —> RNA —> Protein

Principles of `Biochemistry (3 decks)

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