Dna Structure And Function Flashcards by Arsheen Garcha

What does dna stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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What is chromatin?

Chromatin is a substance found in all cells that is made up of DNA and proteins

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How are chromosomes formed?

When chromatin is replicated it can be further folded to form chromosomes

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Name the structural components of DNA

Deoxryribose
Phosphate groups
Strands

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What are deoxryribose?

5-carbon sugars

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What are phosphate groups?

A negatively charged group bound to the sugar

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What are the complementary base pairings?

Guanine(G) - Cytosine(C)
Adenine(A) - Thymine(T)

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What are genes?

Genes are a segment of dna

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What is the function of genes?

They carry specific inheritance traits.

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What did Gregor Mendel experiment with?

Pea plants

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Translate: ATGCCTAGGATC

TACGGATCCTG

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How did Gregor Mendel experiment with artificial pollination?

To artificially pollinate plants Mendel removed the stamens in a flower and then painted pollen on the stigma of another plant

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what is the difference of homozygous and hetrozygous?

homozygous is when both alleles inherited are the same, hetrozygous is when both alleles are different

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what is a mutation?

mutation is any change in the dna of an organism

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what is a mutagen?

mutagen are the agents that cause mutations

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what is an amino acid?

amino acid is the basic subunit of protein. linking amino acids forms a protien.

what are the 3 types of mutagens

physical mutagen, chemical mutagen, biological mutagen

what is physical mutagen?

includes radiation energies that can cause changes to substances that harm dna (UV light, x-ray)

what is chemical mutagen?

includes substances that act as toxins or poisons (cigarettes)

what is biological mutagen?

bacteria and viruses can lead to mutations

what is the difference between gene mutation and chromosomal mutation?

gene mutation produces single gene while chromosomal mutations produces change in a whole chromosomes

what is the difference between chromosomes and chromatins?

chromatin is standard form of packaged DNA in the cell while The chromatin consists of the unraveled condensed structure of DNA, whereas the chromosome consists of the highest condensed structure of the DNA double-helix.

what is genetics?

study of heredity

what is the process called by which RNA is made from DNA?

Transcription

what is heredity?

heredity is the passing on of a feature from parents to offspring

what are the "rungs" of DNA made of?

base pairs

what is the DNA molecule held together by?

hydrogen bonds

what is the process of DNA making a copy of itself called?

replication

what is the sugar found in DNA called?

deoxyribose

what is the twisted ladder of a DNA called?

double helix

what takes the genetic code to the cytoplasm?

mRNA

what is the three nucleotide sequence on RNA called?

codon

what is a characteristic?

an observable feature that can appear in more that one form

what is trait

variation that can exist for a particular characteristic

what is phenotype

phenotype is the appearance of a particular characteristic in an organism.

what is complete dominance

a pattern of inheritance where all traits are either dominant or recessive

what incomplete dominance

pattern of inheritance where hybrids display a mixture of traits