DNA Structure Flashcards
What is does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
What can the structure of DNA be described as?
DNA has a double helix structure or twisted ladder. Each strand has a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base.
What does a nucleotide diagram look like
A pentagon containing deoxyribose (sugar), coming off to the right a rectangle with a nitrogen base (thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine), and coming off to the left a phosphate group.
What is the complementary base pairing rule?
Adenine pairs with its complement Thymine, and cytosine pairs with its complement guanine.
What is the base pairing rule in mRNA
Adenine pairs with Uracil and Cytosine pairs with Guanine
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is the process in which a cell divides twice to create four cells, half containing the original genetic information.
Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original (parent cells).
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
- Mitosis occurs in all body cells, whereas Meiosis only occurs in sex cells
- Mitosis is used for cell growth and repair but Meiosis isn’t
- In Mitosis the two daughter cells are identical to the parent cell, whereas in Meiosis the are 4 daughter cells
that have different chromosome combinations from the parent cells - In Mitosis the 2 daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells, whereas in
Meiosis 4 daughter cells have half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cells.
What is codominance in blood types?
- Allele A and Allele B are co-dominant
- Allele O is recessive to both A and B allele
What is Homozygous?
Homosygous is two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
What is Heterozygous?
Heterozygous is two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
What is an autosomal recessive trait?
An autosomal recessive trait is a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child. In which a genetic condition can occur when the child inherits one copy of a mutated gene from each parent
What is a Genotype?
A trait that can’t be physicaly observed
What is a Phenotype?
A trait that can be physically observed
What is a X-linked Recessive trait?
X-linked recessive inheritance is a way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child through mutations (changes) in a gene on the X chromosome.
