DNA & RNA: what are they?

Question 1

Where is DNA found?

Answer 1

In the nucleus of a cell (if the cell has a nucleus)

Question 2

What kind of ‘information’ do DNA and RNA carry? (1pt)

Answer 2

genetic

Question 3

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid

de-oxy-ribo-nucleic

Question 4

What does RNA stand for

Answer 4

ribonucleic acid

ribo-nucleic

Question 5

What does DNA do? (2pts)

Answer 5

1. It contains the genetic code which dictates the inheritied characteristics of an organism by controlling the manufacture of proteins
2. Differences in protein createe the differences between us and other creatures, as well as the finer differences between us as humans.

Question 6

What does RNA basically do?

Answer 6

Transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

Question 7

What are DNA and RNA made of? (1 point - simple answer)

Answer 7

polymers of nucleotides

Question 8

What is a gene?

What does a gene do?

Answer 8

1. A small section of DNA; in particular, a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that- inherited from parents
2. A gene codes for a sequence of amino acids on a polypeptide chain

Question 9

What do nucleotides consist? (3 points)

Sketch a nucleotide (2pts)

Answer 9

PenNPh (nice to sound out)

Pentose sugar (C₅) (the deoxyribose or ribose)

Nitrogen containing base

Phosphate group

Question 10

What is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA?

Answer 10

The pentose sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose.

Question 11

What does each DNA nucleotide have in common? (2pts)

Answer 11

PenPh

1. a pentose (sugar)
2. a phosphate group

(the Nitrogen base varies)

Question 12

What varies in DNA nucleotides?

Answer 12

the base

Question 13

What are the four possible bases of DNA nucleotides? (4 pts)

Answer 13

ATCG

Adenine

Thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

Question 14

What is the sugar in RNA called? (1pt)

Answer 14

ribose

Question 15

What are the four RNA bases?

Answer 15

AUCG

1. Adenine
2. Uracil
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine

**Uracil is the only different one from DNA - it replaces thymine

Question 16

What does a ribose nucleotide look like?

Answer 16

A phosphate group

+ a pentose

+ a nitrogen base (adenine/cytosine/guanine/uracil)

Question 17

A polynucleotide is what?

Answer 17

a polymer of nucleotides

Question 18

What happens in a polynucleotide reaction? (2 pts)

Answer 18

Condensation reaction

between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar group of another nucleotide

Question 19

What kind of bond does a polynucleotide form?

Answer 19

a phosphodiester bond

phospho - di - ester

(one phosphate group and two ester bonds)

This creates “a sugar-phosphate backbone”

Question 20

Describe the structure of DNA (6 pts)

Answer 20

1. two antiparallel polynucleotides
2. in a double helix structure that twist to form the helix
3. these are bonded by hydrogen bonds between the bases
4. each base can only join with a specific partner
5. A-T (adenine -thymine) with two hydrogen bonds
6. C-G (cytosine with guanine) with three hydrogen bonds

Question 21

What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA? (2 pts)

Answer 21

1. RNA has a single polynucleotide
2. It is typically much shorter than DNA

Question 22

Bases: what’s A

Answer 22

adenine

Question 23

Bases: what’s T?

Answer 23

thymine

Question 24

Bases: what’s C?

Answer 24

cytosine

Question 25

Bases: what’s G?

Answer 25

guanine

Question 26

Bases: what’s U?

Answer 26

Uracil