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biology - genetics (3.4) > dna rna and proteinsynthesis (yellow) > Flashcards

dna rna and proteinsynthesis (yellow) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the monomer of dna?

A

dna nucleotide

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2
Q

what is the monomer of mrna?

A

rna nucleotide

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3
Q

what is the monomer of trna?

A

trna nucleotide

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4
Q

what is the name of the sugar in dna?

A

deoxyribose

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5
Q

what is the sugar in mrna and trna?

A

ribose

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6
Q

how many carbons are in each sugar?

A

5

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7
Q

what is the inorganic (has no carbon) part in dna, mrna and trna?

A

phosphate group

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8
Q

how do the monomers join to form the polymer?

A

condensation reaction

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9
Q

is dna single or double stranded?

A

double

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10
Q

is mrna single or double stranded?

A

single

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11
Q

is trna single or double stranded?

A

single

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12
Q

what is the shape of dna?

A

double helix

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13
Q

what is the shape of mrna?

A

single helixw

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14
Q

what is the shape of trna?

A

clover

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15
Q

are there hydrogen bonds in dna?

A

yes

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16
Q

are there hydrogen bonds in mrna?

A

no

17
Q

are there hydrogen bonds in trna?

A

yes

18
Q

what is the steps for transcription?

A
  1. dna helix unwinds at the location of a gene
  2. the two strands of dna split apart
  3. free mrna nucleotides join up following the complimentary base pair rule
  4. c pairs with g , a pairs with t/u
  5. rna nucleotides join up by condensation reaction to form pre-mrna
  6. pre-mrna breaks away
  7. pre-mrna is spliced - introns removed
19
Q

why is a piece of mrna shorter than pre mrna?

A

introns removed from splicing

20
Q

what is a gene?

A

a base sequence that codes for a polypeptide or a functional rna moleculehat

21
Q

what is a gene locus?

A

the position of a gene on a chromosome

22
Q

what are exons?

A

sequences within a gene that code for amino acids

23
Q

what are introns?

A

sequences within a gene that do not code for amino acids

24
Q

what are multiple repeats?

A

non coding sequences betweeen genes

25
Q

what is a triplet/codon?

A

a sequence of 3 bases that codes for an amino acid

26
Q

what happens in translation?

A
  1. mrna attatches to ribosome
  2. trna anticodons bind to complimentary mrna codons
  3. trna brings specific amino acid
  4. amino acids join by peptide bonds
  5. with the use of atp
  6. ribosome moves along the mrna to form the polypeptide chain
27
Q

what is the organelle involved in translation?

A

ribosome

28
Q

what is the role of rna polymerase?

A

forms the sugar phosphate backbone by joining nucleotides

biology - genetics (3.4) (4 decks)

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