DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Is Eukaryotic DNA associated with proteins?
Yes
What are histones
The proteins that are associated with eukaryotic DNA
Where are chromosomes found?
In the nucleus.
Describe the appearance of Prokaryotic DNA.
Shorter, circular and not associated with proteins.
What is the role of histones?
Support the DNA.
What is done to eukaryotic DNA to make it fit inside a nucleus?
It is wound up are histones and coiled up tightly to make compact chromosomes.
Name the two organelles found in eukaryotes that have there own DNA.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (only plants)
How is prokaryotic DNA made to fit into a cell?
Circular chromosome coils and condenses by super coiling.
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a particular polypeptide or functional RNA.
What makes up a polypeptide chain?
Amino Acids
The order of the bases of a gene determines the order to ______ _____ in a particular polypeptide.
Amino Acids
How many bases code for each amino acid?
3 (Triplet)
Name the three types of RNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Define Genome.
The complete set of genes in the cell.
Define Proteome
The full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce.
Where does transcription take place in Eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
Where does translation take place?
Ribosome
What are introns?
Sections of a gene that don’t code for amino acids.