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BIOLOGY - enzymes and nucleic acids > DNA, RNA > Flashcards

DNA, RNA Flashcards

1
Q

differences between DNA and RNA monomers

A

DNA contains the base thymine whereas RNA contains the base Uracil
DNA contains the pentose sugar deoxyribose whereas RNA contains the pentose sugar ribose

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2
Q

differences between DNA and RNA monomers

A

DNA is much larger because it contains approximately 23000 genes whereas RNA is a lot shorter as it is only the length of one gene
DNA is double stranded whereas RNA is singles stranded

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3
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

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5
Q

components of nucleic acids made from monomers called nucleotides

A

phosphate group - found in both DNA and RNA
pentose carbon sugar
nitrogen containing bases

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6
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

formed between carbon 3 of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the adjacent nucleotide forming the sugar phosphate backbone

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7
Q

purines

A

adenine
guanine
-larger

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8
Q

pyrimidines

A

cytosine
thymine
uracil
-smaller

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9
Q

adenine bonding with thymine

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

cytosine bonding with guanine

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

describe structure of DNA

A

two antiparallel polynucleotide chains joined through hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
two chains twist to form double helix
adenine always pairs with thymine
guanine always pairs with cytosine
hydrogen bonds join the two strands are weak allowing easy separation
phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

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12
Q

definition of RNA

A

short, single polynucleotide chain

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13
Q

mRNA

A

messanger RNA - transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosome

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14
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA - together with proteins makes up the ribosome

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15
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA - transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

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16
Q

name the process of DNA replication

A

semi conservative replication

17
Q

steps of DNA replication

A
  1. double helix is untwisted
  2. enzyme DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases so two strands are separate and have exposed nucleotide bases
  3. both strands act as a template
  4. free complementary nucleotide bases hydrogen bond to the exposed bases
  5. phosphodiester covalent bonds are formed in a condensation reaction between the nucleotides to join the sugar phosphate backbone together by enzyme DNA polymerase
18
Q

role DNA polymerase

A

allows phosphodiester bonds to form between the nucleotides forming a sugar phosphate backbone

19
Q

role of DNA helicase

A

breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases so the two strands can separate

20
Q

why is it called the process it is

A

called semi conservative replication because each DNA molecule consists of one conserved ‘old’ strand and one newly built one

BIOLOGY - enzymes and nucleic acids (3 decks)

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