DNA & RNA Flashcards
double stranded helix
DNA
one stranded helix
RNA
what connects the DNA strands?
Hydrogen bond
Why hydrogen bond?
Hydrogen bonds are strong enough to keep the DNA bases together and weak enough to separate the helix without much energy.
Other bonds are too strong to zip apart while others are too weak to keep the molecule stable
DNA Sugar is called
deoxyribose
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA sugar is called
ribose
RNA stands for
ribonucleic acid
- directed towards the backbone strand
- 2 ringed structure
- 6 membered ring fused to a 5 membered ring
purines
purine nitrogenous bases
Adenine & Guanine
- one (single) ring structure
- 6 membered ring
Pyrimidines
Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases
Cytosine, Thymine, & Uracil
ring count
clockwise
DNA main function
to store information needed for protein synthesis
DNA location
Nucleus & Mitochondria
4 Nitrogenous Bases of DNA
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
4 Nitrogenous Bases of RNA
Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine
types of RNA
mRNA (messenger RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
deliver message from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
mRNA
transfer and translate the language of nucleotides into the language of amino acids
tRNA
Site of protein synthesis
rRNA
DNA strands are ____________ to each other
antiparallel
3’______________5’
5’______________3’
- Building block of DNA
- Form the basic structural units of nucleic acids (refers to DNA & RNA)
Nucleotide
Nucleotide is composed of…
phosphate group, sugar, & nitrogenous base.
What disrupts protein synthesis
A change on the structure of the nucleotide can affect or change the result of the proteins
DNA backbone (nucleotide) is composed of…
phosphate groups, sugar, & nitrogenous bases
First to discover the DNA/identify the color of the DNA nitrogenous bases
Rosalind Franklin
Adenine = Green
Thymine = Red
Guanine = Blue
Cytosine = Orange
