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Genetics > Cell parts and Functions > Flashcards

Cell parts and Functions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 main parts

A

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus

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2
Q

Cell membrane alternative names

A

➳ Plasma lemma
➳ Plasma membrane
➳ Semi-permeable membrane
➳ Selectively-permeable membrane

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3
Q

Cell membrane function

A

Regulate/control the movements of substances in and out of the cell.
(Fluid Mosaic Model)

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4
Q

Chemical composition of a cell membrane

A
  1. bilayer of phospholipids
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Protein/s
  4. Chon (carbohydrate)
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5
Q

bilayer of phospholipids

A

Allow selective passage of certain substances in and out of cells.

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6
Q

Head

A

➳ Hydrophilic
➳ Outwards

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7
Q

Tails

A

➳ Hydrophobic
➳ inwards

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8
Q

Cholesterol

A

maintain the TAIL FLEXIBILITY
(in increases the lipid-packing density and maintains high membrane fluidity)

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9
Q

LDL

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
➳ Stiffness

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10
Q

HDL

A

High Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
➳ maintain flexibility

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11
Q

Protein/s

A

➳ Main source of energy
a. peripheral protein
b. integral protein

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12
Q

peripheral protein

A

➳ the “receptionist”
➳ alerts phospholipids

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13
Q

integral protein

A

➳ transport macromolecules (macro - large)
➳ the GATE
➳ integrate IN and OUT

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14
Q

Enzyme/s (protein)

A

➳ speeds up/slows down metabolism/chemical reactions
➳ breakdowns ATP(energy) into ADP
➳ Lubricant (make things smooth)
➳ ends with ASE

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15
Q

example of enzymes

A

➳ ATPase
➳ Sucrase
➳ Ptyalin
➳ Lipase
➳ Pepsin
➳ Amylase
➳ Lactase

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16
Q

Chon

A

Carbohydrate - Glucose/Sugar
➳ attached to integral proteins
➳ alarm
➳ serves as a security GUARD

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17
Q

Cell (macromolecules necessary for life)

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Proteins
  3. Chon (carbohydrate)
  4. Nucleic Acid
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18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

➳ the workplace or working space
➳ where substances are RECEIVED, PROCESSED, & USED
➳ GELL like cell/substance
➳ where organelles are SUSpended

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19
Q

Nucleus

A

➳ controls/regulate the cell (its the main office of the cell)
➳ DNA
➳ Shaped and protected by a double membrane

20
Q

Inside the nucleus:

A
  1. DNA
  2. Nucleolus
  3. Chromosomes
21
Q

Nucleo-plasm

A

Prokaryotic nucleus

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

➳ site of the RIBOSOME SYNTHESIS (made)
➳ passing down of hereditary traits

23
Q

Ribosome

A

Site/Factory of PROTEIN synthesis.

24
Q

Smooth ER

A

➳ Endoplasmic Reticulum WITHOUT ribosomes
➳ synthesize/produce lipids - deliver to cell membrane
➳ distribute IONS & PROTEINS within the same cell

25
Q

Rough ER

A

➳ Endoplasm Reticulum WITH ribosomes
➳ attached to cell membrane (cuz of proteins)
➳ QUALITY CONTROL/CHECKER

26
Q

Polysome

A

Group of Ribosomes in the cytoplasm

27
Q

Proteasome

A

Ribosome pull protein molecule to REPAIR damage

28
Q

Lysosome/s

A

➳ Garbage bin/Waste disposal
➳ powerful & strong enzymes
➳ dispose by digesting, destroying, & discarding
(mostly found in the liver)

29
Q

Lysosome 3D’s

A

Digest
Destroy
Discard

30
Q

-SIS

A

process

31
Q

Exocytosis

A

➳ Exit
➳ exiting the cell

32
Q

Endocytosis

A
  1. pinocytosis
  2. phagocytosis
33
Q

Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus

A

➳ packaging organelles
➳ sends/deliver to addresses (the process through exocytosis)
➳ checked by rough ER

34
Q

Centrosome - Centrioles

A

Spidel Fibers

35
Q

Cilia/Cilium

A

➳ help with the movement of molecules
➳ protection (filters molecules passing by)

36
Q

Flagellum/Flagella

A

movement/locomotion

37
Q

Mitochondria/Mitochondrion

A

Powerhouse
➳ where ATP(energy) is produced
➳ the ONLY organelle that has DNA (DNA is usually located in the nucleus)

38
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage/Warehouse

39
Q

Vesicle/s

A

(in animal cell it is small & temporary opposite to plant cell)
➳ TRANSPORT materials around the cell/CELL MEMBRANE

40
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

➳ maintain motility/MOVEMENT
➳ support the cell
➳ maintain shape of cell
➳ microtubules, actin filaments, & intermediate filaments

41
Q

Cell Wall

A

assist protection

42
Q

Plastids

A

➳ photosynthesis
➳ the production and storage of metabolites

43
Q

Vacuole

A

larger than those in animal cell

44
Q

Microtubule

A

➳ thick
➳ myosin

45
Q

Microfilaments

A

➳ thin
➳ actins

Genetics (3 decks)

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