DNA Review Flashcards
0
Q
Genes
A
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein and trait.
1
Q
DNA
A
- Contains code to create life and all body parts.
* Double stranded, in a double helix shape.
2
Q
4 bases
A
- Adenine pairs with Thymine
* Guanine pairs with Cytosine
3
Q
RNA
A
- Used to create proteins, and may be the only genetic code for some bacteria.
- Single strand
- Contains the base of URACIL instead of THYMINE
4
Q
Nucleotide
A
Has a sugar (Deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (A/T/G/C)
5
Q
Covalent bonds
A
Keep the nucleotides in the same order through all the processes, to prevent mutations.
6
Q
Hydrogen bonds
A
Allows bases to be “unzipped” easily for Replication and Transcription.
7
Q
Helicase Enzyme
A
Breaks hydrogen bonds between bases (unzips DNA)
8
Q
DNA Polymerase III
A
Breaks bond on ATP, TTP, CTP, GTP
9
Q
Messenger RNA
A
- Created in the nucleus by copying DNA template
- Leaves nucleus, goes to Ribosome (in cytoplasm)
- Has codons that code for amino acids
10
Q
Ribosomal RNA
A
- Make up ribosomes
- Top/bottom part
- Are the place where protein synthesis happens
- Reads mRNA in ribosome, matches up with anticodon on tRNA
11
Q
Transfer RNA
A
- Anticodons match up with amino acids
- Bring amino acids to ribosome
- Match up Anticodons & codons
- Attach amino acids into chain with peptide bonds
12
Q
DNA transcription
A
From DNA to RNA
13
Q
DNA translation
A
From RNA to protein (protein synthesis)
14
Q
How many amino acids are there?
A
20 amino acids
