DNA Replication Enzymes Flashcards
What is Replisome?
It is the molecular machine of enzymes that replicate DNA
What is Helicase?
It is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds.
What is Primase?
It synthesizes RNA primers for the DNA Polymerase.
What do RNA primers do?
They signal to DNA polymerase where to begin DNA replication.
What is Single Strand Binding Protein?
It stabilizes single strand DNA by binding to them before replication in order to prevent reannealing or hybridization. Purpose is so strands can serve as a template.
What is DNA Topoisomerase/Gyrase?
It removes the coils that form ahead of the replication fork, it relieves torque of many circular DNA.
DNA Polymerase 3
It is the main DNA synthesis enzyme, it synthesizes DNA by adding nucleotides (deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.) to the new DNA strand.
What is DNA Polymerase 1
It removes the RNA primers afterwards and fills the gaps with DNA.
What is the Sliding clamp?
It attaches DNA Polymerase 3 to the DNA template and makes replication more efficient.
What is DNA Ligase?
It joins the ends of DNA segments by forming phosphodiester bonds.
What is the leading strand?
It is the strand that has continuous DNA replication, this is because it is oriented in the 5’-3’ direction.
What is the lagging strand
It is the strand that has discontinuous DNA replication because it is oriented in the 3’-5’ direction, meaning it is synthesized in chunks.
