DNA Replication - 9 Major Players Flashcards
1
Q
New (Extra) Nucleotides
A
- Phosphate + Sugar + Nitrogenous Base
- Floating around in nucleus
- Building blocks of DNA
2
Q
DNA Binding Proteins
A
- Binds to DNA after it has been split to keep the two strands apart
- Prevents the bonds from reforming
3
Q
DNA Helicase
A
- Enzymes that unwinds DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds
- Separates DNA into single strands
4
Q
Okazaki Fragment
A
- Short chunks of newly formed DNA on the lagging strand
- Results from the discontinuous addition of new nucleotides on the lagging strand
5
Q
DNA Ligase
A
- Enzyme that “glues” Okazaki Fragments together by adding covalent bonds between sugars and phosphates
- Converts the discontinuous strand into a continuous strand
6
Q
DNA Polymerase
A
- Enzyme that scans the original DNA strand and adds complementary nucleotides
- Must add from 5’-3’
7
Q
Replication Fork
A
- Space where replication occurs
- Moves with helicase
8
Q
DNA Replication Primer
A
- Identify and signal the starting point(s) of where DNA replication should begin
- Provides a landing site
- Placed only on single stranded DNA as close to the 3’ end as possible
9
Q
Leading vs. Lagging Strand
A
- DNA is replaced on both strands of DNA at same time
- Polymerase moves along the original template 3’-5’
- Leading = DNA polymerase works in same direction as helicase (continuous)
- Lagging = DNA polymerase works in opposite direction as helicase (discontinuous)
