DNA replication

Question 1

What are the things that consist of three components and make up DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotides.

Question 2

What are the three components that make up nucleotides of DNA?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 3

What are the four kinds of nucleotides? Their initials are A,T,C and G.

Answer 3

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

Question 4

Which nucleotides pair with each other? What is the rule that makes this so?

Answer 4

Adenine and Thymine pair with each other; Cytosine and Guanine pair with each other. This rule is called base pairing.

Question 5

In prokaryotic cells, where is the DNA located?

Answer 5

In the cytoplasm.

Question 6

In prokaryotic cells, what is the singular circular DNA molecule referred to?

Answer 6

The cell’s chromosome.

Question 7

Which kind of cell (eukaryotic or prokaryotic) has 1000 times as much as DNA as the other?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic.

Question 8

Where is the DNA in a eukaryotic cell? located?

Answer 8

In the nucleus.

Question 9

What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps around to condense?

Answer 9

Histones.

Question 10

What is the name of the site of replication in a cell?

Answer 10

A replication fork.

Question 11

What are the steps of DNA replication?

Answer 11

First, the double helix splits. Secondly, the DNA molecule separates into two strands. Then, complementary strands are created using the rules of base pairing.

Question 12

Who discovered the rule of base pairing?

Answer 12

Erwin Chargaff.

Question 13

Who used x-ray diffraction to spark the possibility of the double helix structure?

Answer 13

Rosalind Franklin.

Question 14

Which scientists confirmed the double helix structure of DNA?

Answer 14

James Watson + Francis Crick.

Question 15

What is a gene?

Answer 15

The segments of DNA that code for proteins.

Question 16

What is the process called when DNA is converted to RNA?

Answer 16

Transcription.

Question 17

What is the process called when RNA is converted to a protein?

Answer 17

Translation.

Question 18

What is Thymine replaced with when being converted to RNA?

Answer 18

Uracil.

Question 19

What are three types of RNA?

Answer 19

Messenger, Transfer, and Ribosomal.

Question 20

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 20

In the nucleus.

Question 21

In what organelle does translation occur?

Answer 21

The ribosome.

Question 22

What is a gene?

Answer 22

A gene is the segments of DNA that codes for proteins.

Question 23

What is DNA polymerase and what does it do?

Answer 23

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that makes sure that each new strand of DNA is an exact copy, and it helps attach individual nucleotides to make a strand.

Question 24

What are the three types of point mutations, and what happens during each one?

Answer 24

Substitution, insertion and deletion. During substitution, one base is switched for another. During insertion, one molecule is added in; during deletion, one is taken out.

Question 25

What happens when a molecule is unzipped?

Answer 25

Hydrogen bonds are broken