DNA Replication

Question 1

Name three components of a nucleotide

Answer 1

1. Phosphate group
2. pentose sugar
3. nitrogenous base

Question 2

To what carbon on deoxyribose is phosphate group attached?

Answer 2

Carbon 5

Question 3

To what carbon on deoxyribose is nitrogenous base attached?

Answer 3

Carbon 1

Question 4

Describe purines

Answer 4

Nitrogenous bases with 2 rings: adenine and guanine

Question 5

Describe pyrimidines

Answer 5

Nitrogenous bases with 1 ring: thymine, cytosine, uracil

Question 6

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Linear DNA in ___

Answer 7

eukaryotes

Question 8

Circular DNA in _____

Answer 8

prokaryotes

Question 9

Overall charge of DNA

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Histone

Answer 10

The protein DNA wraps around.
Has a positive charge

Question 11

Topoisomerase

Answer 11

Enzyme that unwinds the twisted structure of DNA

Question 12

Origin

Answer 12

Location where the topoisomerases attach to the DNA

Question 13

Helicase

Answer 13

Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases

Question 14

Primase

Answer 14

Enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA sequence known as primer, which functions as a starting point for DNA polymerase.

Question 15

To what end does primer attach

Answer 15

5’ end

Question 16

Single -stranded binding proteins

Answer 16

stabilize the DNA structure while separated into individual strands

Question 17

DNA polymerase III

Answer 17

Enzyme that attaches to an available primer to synthesize a new DNA strand

Question 18

In what direction does DNA polymerase III synthesize the new stand

Answer 18

5’ to 3’

Question 19

Leading strand

Answer 19

continuous strand of NEW DNA because DNA polymerase III follows the helicase

Question 20

Lagging strand

Answer 20

Consists of multiple strands of new primer with DNA, aka Okazaki fragments.
DNA polymerase III moves in the opposite direction to helicase

Question 21

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 21

attaches to a primer and replaces the RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides.

CANNOT connect the gaps between new strands

Question 22

Ligase

Answer 22

connects the new strands by adding nucleotides from 3’ end in the gaps

Question 23

Describe the 5’ end

Answer 23

Phosphate attached to the pentose sugar

Question 24

Number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine

Answer 24

two

Question 25

Number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine

Answer 25

three

Question 26

This repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes (TTAGGG) for protection.

Answer 26

Telomeres

Question 27

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 27

DNA strands connect between a purine and pyrimidine