DNA REPLICATION

Question 1

It is the process in which double-stranded DNA gets duplicated. This process ensures that the two cells produced during cell division receive a complete copy of the DNA molecule, identical to the original DNA.

Answer 1

DNA Replication

Question 2

What is the DNA replication process?

Answer 2

Bidirectional and Semiconservative

Question 3

The replication occurs in both directions, thus shortening the time required to replicate an entire chromosome

Answer 3

Bidirectional

Question 4

The generated DNA molecule consists of an old strand and a newly synthesized strand.

Answer 4

Semiconservative

Question 5

How is DNA replication initiated?

Answer 5

DNA replication is controlled in a large part by enzymes.

Question 6

What are enzymes?

Answer 6

They are able to speed up reactions and either build up or break down the molecules they act on.

Question 7

Enzyme that is responsible for the unzipping of the DNA template strands. It unwinds the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases.

Answer 7

Helicase

Question 8

Enzyme that prevents DNA from supercoiling during the replication process.

Answer 8

Topoisomerase

Question 9

Enzyme that is responsible for replicating DNA so a new strand can be built. It will add a complementary base pairs to the strand.

Answer 9

DNA Polymerase

Question 10

Start Codon

Answer 10

AUG

Question 11

3 rules of DNA polymerase

Answer 11

They can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a DNA strand. They cannot begin replication without a existing starting chain called a primer. They require a single-stranded template to replicate.

Question 12

Enzyme that adds a strip of RNA primers to the single stranded
DNA so the DNA polymerase can build a strand of DNA

Answer 12

Primase

Question 13

Enzyme that joins together fragments of DNA

Answer 13

Ligase

Question 14

DNA replication starts at certain part, which part?

Answer 14

Origin

Question 15

What happens at the origin? (first part)

Answer 15

Helicase comes in and unwinds the DNA. It breaks the hydrogen
bonds that holds the two bases.

Question 16

When the two strands open, what does it form?

Answer 16

Replication forks, then, new strands grow at the forks.

Question 17

SSB?

Answer 17

Single-stranded binding proteins

Question 18

It keep the 2 strands of DNA from binding together (Reannealing)

Answer 18

SSB Proteins

Question 19

It refers to the over winding of DNA that need to be controlled during the process of replication

Answer 19

Supercoiling

Question 20

What happens in unzipping?

Answer 20

• The enzyme helicase unzip or unwinds the DNA strand forming a replication fork.
• The SSB proteins binds to the DNA strand to keep it separated.
• The topoisomerase will keep the DNA from supercoiling.

Question 21

What happens in elongation?

Answer 21

• The Primase makes RNA primers to the new strand.
• The DNA polymerase build a new strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 22

Who is building the new strand?

Answer 22

DNA Polymerase, the thing is DNA Polymerase can only build
the new strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 23

The strand that is replicated continuously in 3’ to 5’ direction

Answer 23

Leading strand

Question 24

The strand that is replicated in fragments from 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 24

Logging strand

Question 25

Fragments in the logging strand

Answer 25

Okazaki Fragments

Question 26

What happens in Termination?

Answer 26

• The exonuclease enzyme replaces the RNA primer with DNA.
• The ligase joins together the Okazaki fragments

Question 27

It removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

Answer 27

Exonuclease enzyme

Question 28

It joins together the Okazaki fragments

Answer 28

Ligase

Question 29

It is vital since it helps to correct the mistake in the new DNA strand reducing the errors

Answer 29

Proofreading