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GN 311 Module 3 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

Semiconservative

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2
Q

Where does all DNA replication start?

A

at a Replication Origin

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3
Q

What is a Replicon

A

Unit that is replicated together

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4
Q

What is Bidirectional Replication

A

When DNA can replicate in both directions from the replication origin

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5
Q

Which type of semiconservative replication has bidirectional replication?

A

Theta replication

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6
Q

What types of replication have a circular DNA template?

A

Theta and Rolling Circle

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7
Q

What replication model has breakage of nucleotide strand?

A

Rolling Circle

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8
Q

Which type of replication has many numbers of replicons?

A

Linear eukaryotic

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9
Q

Which type of replication is unidirectional?

A

Rolling Circle

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10
Q

Which type of replication has the product of two circular molecules?

A

Theta replication

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11
Q

Which type of replication has multiple circular DNA molecules?

A

Rolling Circle

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12
Q

Which type of replication has the product of two linear DNA molecules?

A

Linear Eukaryotic

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13
Q

What is DNA polymerase III in E.coli?

A
  • Responsible for most DNA synthesis
  • Responsible for adding nucleotides to most of the genome
  • Proofreads with 3’-5’ exonuclease activity
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14
Q

What is DNA polymerase I in E.coli?

A
  • 5’-3’ exonuclease activity to remove RNA primers
  • Proofreads with 3’-5’ exonuclease activity
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15
Q

What does 5’ to 3’ polymerase activity mean?

A

As polymerase adds DNA to a newly synthesized strand; it will add nucleotides to the 3’ end. So the chain will grow 5’ to 3’

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16
Q

What does 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity mean?

A

You’re backing up / You’re removing part of the DNA you just added

17
Q

What does 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity mean?

A

You are cutting out DNA ahead

18
Q

Describe the function of the protein if the DNA codon sequence is NOT mutated

A

In Normal and High temps, the protein will have normal function

19
Q

Describe the function of the protein if the DNA codon sequence is mutated

A

In Normal temps, the protein has normal function.
In High temps, the protein has an altered function.

20
Q

Define the Initiator protein (DnaA)

A

Initiator protein (DnaA) binds to the origin of replication causing local unwinding and a short stretch of single-stranded DNA.

21
Q

DNA helicase

A

attaches at the replication fork and breaks the H-bonds that hold the DNA together

22
Q

SSB (single-stranded binding proteins)

A

Coat single-stranded DNA to protect it, stabilize it, and prevent double-stranded DNA (hairpins)

23
Q

Gyrase

A

a topoisomerase that relieves supercoiling ahead of replication fork

24
Q

What is primase in replication?

A

synthesizes short RNA primers to allow DNA synthesis to begin

25
Q

What is the primosome?

A

Helicase and primase

26
Q

What makes eukaryotic and prokaryotic replication different?

A

Eukaryotic replication involves:
- Multiple origins of replication
- Replication of telomeres
- Linear chromosomes formed
- Nucleosome assembly follows replication
- Many different DNA polymerases
-Origin must be licensed or approved for replication to occur.

27
Q

Why is replication at the end of linear chromosomes (telomeres) problematic?

A

DNA replication would leave gaps at the 5’ end of the strand where DNA Pol 3 can’t add anything, and the chromosome would shorten each time the cell divides

28
Q

How does telomerase accomplish replication of telomeres?

A

Telomerase contains RNA which it uses to make several repeats of DNA to extend the 3’ end of the telomere.

29
Q

How is the RNA used in a telomerase?

A

The RNA is used as a template for DNA synthesis (reverse transcription). After several nucleotides are added, telomerase moves along the DNA and more nucleotides are added. Eventually telomerase is removed.

GN 311 Module 3 (4 decks)

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