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Bio 12: unit two > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

How is DNA READ

A

3’ to 5’

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2
Q

How is DNA CONSTRCTED

A

5’ to 3’

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3
Q

What are the three stages of DNA

A

1) Intiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination

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4
Q

Where does DNA replication occur

A

Nuecleus - eukaryotes
Cytoplasm - procarytes

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5
Q

When does DNA replication occur

A

During interphase.

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6
Q

Use of DNA Gyrase

A

Removes tension from double helix structure of DNA

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7
Q

Use of inhibiter protiens

A

Flattens out DNA

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8
Q

Use of DNA helicase

A

Breaks H bonds holding nitrogenous bases together

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9
Q

What makes up a nuecleotide?

A

Deoxyribose penthouse sugar, phosphate group, nitrogonus base

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10
Q

What does adenine pair with?

A

Thymine

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11
Q

What does cytosine pair with?

A

Guanine

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12
Q

What stops base pairs from reconnecting once broken

A

Single Stranded DNA binding protiens

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13
Q

What is the role of primase

A

Labels where polymerase III should start connecting complimentry base pairs

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14
Q

Purpose of:
Polymerase I
Polymerase II
Polymerase Ill

A

Polymerase I - Deletes RNA from primase once base pairs are connected AND proof reads DNA for mistakes
Polymerase II - Proof reads DNA for mistakes
Polymerase Ill - Pairs nitrogonous bases

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15
Q

How does DNA replication occur (which direction)

A

Bilaterally (from both sides of replication bubble)

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16
Q

What does ligase do?

A

Joins ogasaki fragments together with phosphidester bonds.

17
Q

What are okasaki fragments?

A

Short Sequences of DNA

18
Q

Describe leading VS lagging strand

A

DNA is inverly proportional, meaning as one side is listed 3’ to 5’, the other is 5’ to 3’.
DNA must always be replicated 5’ to 5’.
- Leading: Helicase is breaking bonds 5’ to 3’ so Polymerase III can continously pair nitrogonous bases without breakage
- Legging: Helicase is breaking 3’ to 5’ so polymerase III must start at primase closest to helicase and pair bonds. As helicase moves, a new primase will be set up closer and polymerase III will continue pairing bonds making okazaki fragments.

19
Q

How is primase broken down?

A

RNA removed by polymerase I and nitrogenous bases paired by polymerase III

20
Q

How is quality control done for DNA

A

Polymerase I and II quality check all pairs to make sure they are correctly matched up

21
Q

How do DNAs dismantal

A

Helicases reach at a fork, breaking the replication bubble

22
Q

What type of replication is DNA considered

A

Semi-conservative

23
Q

What do the new strands of DNA include

A

1 strand of parent DNA and 1 copy

24
Q

What are telomeres

A

Noncoding regions at end of DNA that act as buffer to protect gene coding. Protects DNA from getting shorter each replication

25
Q

Why is DNA replication important

A

Cells could not grow or reproduce without DNA replication

26
Q

How many telomeres are lost per replication

A

100 base pairs

Bio 12: unit two (6 decks)

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