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Plant and microbial Genetics TCD > DNA replication 1 > Flashcards

DNA replication 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

how many hydrogen bonds are in A:T and G:C respectively

A

A:T - 2 Hydrogen bonds. G:C - 3 hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

what is the equation for the linking number

A

linking number = twist + writhe

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3
Q

how do you calculate twist and writhe

A

twist = DNA size divided by 10, writhe = number of times double helix passses over itself

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4
Q

what is the two states of circular DNA

A

Relaxed and supercoiled

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5
Q

what is the two states of supercoiled DNA

A

Positive and Negative

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6
Q

what does negative supercoiling do

A

facilitates DNA strand separation

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7
Q

what does positive supercoiling do

A

inhibits DNA strand separation

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8
Q

when are DNA strands separated

A

during replication and transcription

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9
Q

what alters the tension of supercoiling?

A

topoisomerase 1/2 and DNA gyrase with ATP.

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10
Q

what is the main difference between topoisomerase 1 and 2?

A

topoisomerase 1 nicks a single strand to pass the other strand through gap before resealing it. topoisomerase 2 nicks the two strands and pass through the duplex gap before resealing nick

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11
Q

is DNA gyrase energy dependent ?

A

yes

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12
Q

does positive supercoiling require energy

A

yes

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13
Q

does negative supercoiling require energy

A

yes

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14
Q

what are the two steps of replication strategy

A

1 converts ssDNA circle to dsDNA circle 2 initiate rolling circle replication

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15
Q

what is the oriC ?

A

where DNA replication is recognised and bound by initiator proteins

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16
Q

what is an initiator protein ?

A

a protein which is responsible for recruiting more proteins to begin replication

17
Q

what direction does the OriC go in?

A

bidirectionally with two forks

18
Q

what do you call the end point of the oriC

A

the terminus

19
Q

what are the 3 steps of the polymerase mechanism?

A
  1. substrate binding. 2.nucleotide incorporation 3. translocation
20
Q

what are the 3 core complexes of subunits

A

alpha, beta and omega

21
Q

what does the alpha subunit do

A

DNA polymerizing activity

22
Q

what does the beta subunit do

A

3’-5’ exonuclease

23
Q

what does the omega subunit do

A

stimulates beta

24
Q

what is the sliding clamp loader complex?

A

a protein complex that prevents DNA polymerase falling off during replication and loads itself onto DNA during replication

25
Q

give the 5 steps of the sliding clamp loader complex

A

1 clamp binds to DNA polymerase and ATP 2 complex opens clamp, places on DNA. 3 hydrolyses ATP releases energy closes clamp around DNA 4 DNA polymerase binds to clamp 5 DNA synthesis begins

26
Q

is the sliding clamp loader complex semi conservative?

A

yes

27
Q

can the sliding clamp loader complex synthesize DNA de novo?

A

no

28
Q

what is each strand used as a template for in sliding clamp loader complex

A

synthesis of a new strand

29
Q

are the two strands parallel or anti parallel?

A

anti parallel

30
Q

what is an okazaki fragment

A

short, newly synthesized DNA fragments strand that is synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication

31
Q

what is the lagging strand

A

the strand of DNA synthesized in the opposite direction of the replication fork movement

32
Q

what is DNA A

A

an initiator protein

33
Q

what is DNA B

A

replicative helicase- separates the two DNA strands. Located on the lagging strand

34
Q

what is DNA G

A

DNA primase - synthesizes new okazaki fragments

35
Q

what is SSB

A

single stranded DNA binding protein that always coats ssDNA, confers rigidity

36
Q

what is the ORC

A

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit protein complex that recognizes and binds to the origin of replication on DNA to initiate DNA replication.

Plant and microbial Genetics TCD (4 decks)

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