DNA + Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Universal

Answer 1

All triplet code codes for the same amino acid in all living organisms

Question 2

Non-overlapping

Answer 2

Each DNA triplet and gene is separate from the other and read once

Question 3

Degenerate

Answer 3

The same amino acid can be coded for by more than one triplet

Question 4

Define genome

Answer 4

Complete set of genomes in a cell/organism

Question 5

Define proteome

Answer 5

The full range of proteins a cell can make

Question 6

Describe eukaryotic DNA

Answer 6

• Linear, associated with proteins, double helix and in nucleus

Question 7

Describe prokaryotic DNA

Answer 7

• Short and circular
• No proteins and no nucleus with plasmids
• No introns

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Sequence of DNA coding for a protein of polypeptide

Question 9

Locus

Answer 9

Location of gene on chromosome

Question 10

DNA triplet

Answer 10

Sequence of three DNA bases coding for a specific amino acid

Question 11

Variable number tandem repeats

Answer 11

Sections of DNA that do not code for any protein between genes

Question 12

Summarise Transcription

Answer 12

• DNA helices separates DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds
• RNA nucleotides join by base pairing
• RNA polymerase joins bases together
• Introns removed in splicing
• mRNA moves out into cytoplasm through nuclear pores

Question 13

Anticodon

Answer 13

Triplet of bases on tRNA complimentary to codon on mRNA

Question 14

What is tRNA

Answer 14

A polynucleotide folded by h bonds, with anticodon specific to the amino acid it carries

Question 15

Summarise translation

Answer 15

• Ribosome binds to mRNA at start codon
• Codon is matched to anticodon by complimentary base pairing
• Ribosome holds tRNA in place
• Amino acids joined by peptide bond