Adaptation and Taxonomy

Question 1

Summarise directional selection

Answer 1

• Change in environmental conditions to produce selection pressures
• Individuals with extreme characteristic likely to survive and reproduce
• Mean is moved towards the extreme phenotype

Question 2

Summarise stabilising selection

Answer 2

• Individuals with extreme characteristics are less likely to survive and reproduce
• Mean remains the same

Question 3

Define genetic diversity

Answer 3

The number of different alleles of a gene in a population

Question 4

Define evolution

Answer 4

The change of allele frequency over time

Question 5

Define natural selection

Answer 5

Individuals of a population that are best suited to an environment survive and reproduce to pass on alleles

Question 6

How does evolution occur

Answer 6

• Variation of alleles in population
• Random Mutations occurs
• Selection for individuals with beneficial allele
• Different rates of reproductive success (more likely)
• Changes allele frequency over long period of time

Question 7

Summarise types of natural selection

Answer 7

Anatomical - Physical
Physiological
Behavioural

Question 8

Summarise crossing over

Answer 8

• Different combinations of alleles resulted
• Prophase 1
• Chromatids of homologous pairs cross over (chiasmata)

Question 9

Summarise independent segregation

Answer 9

• Different combinations of chromosomes resulted
• Metaphase I
• 2^n chromosome combinations and 2^2n when independent segregation occurs

Question 10

Species

Answer 10

Organisms are organisms that breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 11

Summarise courtship behaviour

Answer 11

Increase chance of reproductive success

• Recognition of same species
• Stimulate release of gametes
• Recognise opposite sec
• Indiate sexual maturity

Question 12

Summarise phylogenetic classification

Answer 12

• Arranging species into groups based on evolutionary relationships
• Family tree, hierarchy where small groups within big groups and no overlap

Question 13

What do we used to classify species, LETTERS

Answer 13

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 14

What is the binomial naming system

Answer 14

Genus Species

Question 15

Summarise phylogenetic

Answer 15

• Genome sequencing by comparing base sequence
• Higher % is more related
• Immunology, DNA into proteins
• Tertiary structure can tell us about the DNA so if same antibodies bind to same antigen, closely related