DNA Mutitations

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

Mutations Are changes in the genetic material
- Changes in DNA & Gene/s

Question 2

What causes them?

Answer 2

They can be Induced by Mutages ( environmental factors)

• xrays/radiation
• Chemicals, poisons
• UV light
• Viruses

Question 3

When do mutations occur?

Answer 3

they can occur randomly and spontaneously due to errors in DNA replication.

Question 4

How do mutations impact protein synthesis?

Answer 4

• DNA affected, bases added, removed or exchanged
• mRNA is copied incorrectly
• Codes for wrong amino acid(s)
• proteins are formed incorrectly.

Question 5

In muations in DNA. How is a point mutation different from a deletion/addition mutation?

Answer 5

A point mutation changes just one base in the DNA.

Question 6

deletion/addition mutation

Answer 6

removes or adds one or more bases, which can shift the whole sequence and affect many amino acids.

Question 7

What does benign mean?

Answer 7

Benign: a mutation that is not harmful, can be removed

Question 8

What does maligant mean?

Answer 8

Mutations that are harmful and spreading

Question 9

How common are mutations?

Answer 9

• 1 in every 1 billion base pairs
• Everyone has about 6 mutations in each cell

Question 10

What is Huntigson’s disease?

Answer 10

• a progressive brain disorder
• Affects body movement, mood and thinking skills.

( insertion )

Question 11

What is Huntington’s disease caused by?

Answer 11

: the CAG segment is supposed to be repeated 10- 35 times, Huntigton’s —-> more than 120 times.

Question 12

What is sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 12

• haemoglobin ( red blood cells ) fold incorrectly
• affects the way haemoglobin carries oxygen
• causes fatigue, extreme body pain, and dizziness.

( substitution )

Question 13

What is sickle cell anaemia caused by

Answer 13

Substitution of a gene that contains the wrong information.