DNA - Mutations And Stem Cells

Question 1

Substitution

Answer 1

Replacement of a base by a different base
Mis-sense (incorrect amino acid inserted)
Nonsense (stop-codon produced early)
Silent (same amino acid coded for due to degenerate code)

Question 2

Deletion

Answer 2

A base is deleted which causes a frame shift which alters all of the following triplet codes which means incorrect codons which means incorrect amino acid sequence.
Incorrect amino acid sequence means incorrect hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bonds meaning incorrect tertiary structure meaning no functional enzyme/ no enzyme substrate complexes formed.

Question 3

Stem cells

Answer 3

Undifferentiated

Will replace themselves and keep diving